# syndication_item

link: https://itsfoss.com/virtual-machine/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: What is a Virtual Machine?
description: All you need to know about a virtual machine as an end user, how it works and why you need it.
categories: VirtualBox|Jargon Buster
content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/what-is-a-virtual-machine.png" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?"><p><strong>A virtual machine (VM) is an emulated version of a physical computer that mimics the functions and allocates the resources in a virtual environment.</strong></p>
<p>Simply put, you have another operating system running as a regular application like a media player or web browser in your current operating system.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/windows-without-menu.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="1920" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/windows-without-menu.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/windows-without-menu.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1600/2023/08/windows-without-menu.png 1600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/windows-without-menu.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Windows 10 running in VirtualBox inside Manjaro Linux</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>You can do the same things in a VM compared to a bare metal machine (a real computer like your laptop or PC). For instance, connecting to a network, downloading software, updating the operating system, and more.</p>
<p>Of course, depending on the use case, the experience will be different from a physical computer. </p>
<p>Let us explore virtual machines, their use-cases, and how they work.</p>
<h2 id="virtual-machines-the-origins">Virtual Machines: The Origins</h2>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/origin.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/06/origin.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/origin.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Virtual Machine is one of the most significant software-based innovation. It has its roots as early as <strong>1966 </strong>with <strong>IBM CP-40 and CP-67</strong> virtual machine operating systems, where the concept of virtual memory and resources was researched/tested.</p>
<p>Fast forward to 2023, when we publish this article, VMs are everywhere, from personal computers to enterprises and small businesses. Everyone uses a VM in one form or the other.</p>
<p>Considering all of that, it is evident that Virtual Machines (VMs) are immensely useful. But how does it work, and what exactly do we use it for?</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">Bare Metal = The actual physical computer like your PC or laptop<br>Host OS = The operating system on your actual computer<br>Guest OS = The operating system running inside VM<br>VM = Virtual Machine, the generic term for the virtualization application</div></div>
<h2 id="heres-how-virtual-machines-work">Here&apos;s How Virtual Machines Work</h2>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/vm.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/06/vm.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/vm.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>The concept of virtualization should help you clarify how virtual machines work.</p>
<p>To give you a quick reminder from one of our articles:</p>
<p>&quot;<em><u>Virtualization provides an abstract concept of computer hardware to help you create virtual machines (VMs), networks, storage, and more.</u></em>&quot;</p>
<p><strong>Virtualization</strong> lets a user utilize physical system resources in a virtual environment. This enables a process to use the resources separately without tampering with the physical computer.</p>
<p>And <strong>Virtual Machine is the process</strong> that uses this ability, where you get virtual resources in the form of a virtual disk, RAM, and other configuration files to allow you to run an operating system on top of it.</p>
<p>You might already know some <a href="https://itsfoss.com/virtualization-software-linux/">virtualization software for Linux</a> that help you create these virtual machines.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested Read &#x1F4D6;</strong></p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/virtualization-software-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Top 9 Best Virtualization Software for Linux [2023]</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">We take a look at some of the best virtualization programs that make things easy for users creating/managing VMs.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Ankush Das</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/virtualization-software-for-linux.png" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?"></div></a></figure>
<p>To give you a technical difference between a virtual machine and a physical computer, here&apos;s a diagram to help you learn:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/vm-vs-physical-computer.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/06/vm-vs-physical-computer.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/vm-vs-physical-computer.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h2 id="why-do-we-use-virtual-machines">Why Do We Use Virtual Machines?</h2>
<p>Virtual Machines have become a versatile concept that comes in handy for almost every little thing&#x2014;one of the reasons why you should <a href="https://itsfoss.com/why-linux-virtual-machine/">run Linux in virtual machines</a>.</p>
<p>Not just for individual users, but it is also a key highlight in cloud computing, which is a massive part of the internet.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/why-we-use-vm.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/06/why-we-use-vm.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/why-we-use-vm.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Some of the tasks that VMs help achieve include:</p>
<ul><li>Software testing</li><li>Operating system testing</li><li>Enhancing your online privacy for temporary web browsing sessions</li><li>Cybersecurity research without tampering physical computer</li><li>Using VMs as servers to host more VMs (thereby making efficient use of hardware resources) on the same hardware</li><li>All kinds of development activity with great flexibility of migration, cloning, etc.</li><li>Replicating systems in the cloud using VMs</li></ul>
<p>So, the virtual machine&apos;s isolation capability helps us use it for testing and development and use it as the core for server scalability and flexibility.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested Read &#x1F4D6;</strong></p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/why-linux-virtual-machine/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">10 Reasons to Run Linux in Virtual Machines</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">You can run any operating system as a virtual machine to test things out or for a particular use case. When it comes to Linux, it is usually a better performer as a virtual machine when compared to other operating systems. Even if you hesitate to install Linux on bare</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Ankush Das</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/04/reasons-to-install-linux-in-virtualmachines.jpg" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?"></div></a></figure>
<p>No matter whether you are a student, professional, or an enterprise, you will find the use of a virtual machine handy at one point of time.</p>
<h2 id="do-virtual-machines-consume-system-resources">Do Virtual Machines Consume System Resources?</h2>
<p>When you create a virtual machine to run another operating system in it, you allocate some system resources to it. They are primarily:</p>
<ul><li>CPU: Consumed only when the operating system is running in the VM</li><li>RAM: Consumed only when the operating system is running in the VM</li><li>Disk space: Reserved when you create the VM. Occupied irrespective of whether the VM is running or not.</li></ul>
<p>A few people think the CPU and RAM will be utilized all the time. That&apos;s not true. RAM and CPUs are consumed only when the VM is running an operating system.</p>
<p>However, disk space is always reserved even when the VMs are not running.</p>
<h2 id="types-of-virtualization-that-make-it-all-possible">Types of Virtualization That Make it All Possible</h2>
<p>If you are curious about the virtualization concept responsible for helping create a virtual machine, let me highlight all the different types of it and briefly explain it.</p>
<p>A hypervisor manages the hardware while separating the system resources from the virtual environment. It is technically labeled as a &quot;<strong>Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)</strong>&quot;</p>
<p>And the hypervisor is the <strong>software responsible for letting</strong>An excellent<strong> you create and run virtual machines.</strong></p>
<p>There are two types of hypervisors including:</p>
<ul><li><strong>Type 1 hypervisor</strong>: This is directly connected to the physical machine for managing resources for the VM. An excellent example for it is <a href="https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page?ref=itsfoss.com">KVM</a>, which comes baked with Linux.</li><li><strong>Type 2 hypervisor: </strong>This exists on top of an operating system as an application that lets you manage VM resources and more&#x2014;for instance, <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/?ref=itsfoss.com">VirtualBox</a>.</li></ul>
<p>While the hypervisor makes virtualization possible, the types of virtualization available make your experience hassle-free facilitating the features you get with a VM.</p>
<p>Some of the relevant types include:</p>
<ul><li><strong>Storage virtualization</strong>: This helps creating a virtual disk by splitting the available disk space to small chunks reserved to be used by a virtual machine.</li><li><strong>Network virtualization</strong> allows the physical network connection to be routed through virtual networks (or adapters) to the virtual machines.</li><li><strong>Desktop virtualization</strong>:<strong> </strong>With this, you can deploy multiple virtual desktop environments to multiple physical machines at the same time. Configuration and management of all the virtual desktops is possible from a central point.</li></ul>
<p>To explore all the technical details, I recommend checking out <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/virtualization/?ref=itsfoss.com">AWS&apos;s documentation on virtualization</a>.</p>
<h2 id="advantages-of-virtual-machines">Advantages of Virtual Machines</h2>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/advantage.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/advantage.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/advantage.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>While their use cases already give you an idea of the benefits they give you, let me add some pointers for you to know better:</p>
<ul><li>Virtual Machines let you use the hardware resources fully without tampering with the host.</li><li>With VMs, you get the freedom to test or break whatever you want. Whether it is a super old application or a risky software, you can rely on the VM to do it all without affecting your host.</li><li>You can run multiple operating systems from a single place without needing the hassle of dual-boot or adding extra physical drives to use other operating systems. Thereby saving you cost, time, and management trouble.</li><li>With VMs, you can clone your configurations quickly without needing additional hardware.</li></ul>
<h2 id="disadvantages-of-virtual-machines">Disadvantages of Virtual Machines</h2>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/disadvantage.png" class="kg-image" alt="What is a Virtual Machine?" loading="lazy" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/disadvantage.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/disadvantage.png 800w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Considering VMs are helpful in many scenarios, how can they be harmful?</p>
<p>Well, not precisely drawbacks to using them, but you need to be cautious about some of the things they can do:</p>
<ul><li>Even though virtual machines are known to use resources efficiently, they can still overwhelm the system resources if you do not monitor them or run multiple VMs without thinking about it.</li><li>Virtual Machines can never replace bare metal experience and performance. No matter how mighty the host is, VMs run slower than you would expect with a physical computer.</li><li>Virtual Machines are isolated from the host, but you must be careful about file sharing that might expose malware to your host system.</li></ul>
<h2 id="virtual-machines-are-super-useful">Virtual Machines Are Super Useful</h2>
<p>The concept of VMs made a lot of things happen. </p>
<p>What do you think would have happened to the cloud computing industry? How inconvenient would it be to always re-install operating systems to try a different one?</p>
<p>&#x1F4AC;<em> In one form or the other, every computer user or server user does need it. What are your thoughts on a virtual machine? How would you define it?</em></p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/newsletter/foss-weekly-23-33/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More
categories: Newsletter ✉️
description:
You get a free book that explains how the CPU works underneath among other usual Linux tips and tutorials in this edition of the FOSS Weekly.

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/foss-weekly-23-33.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><p>I came across this <a href="https://cpu.land/?ref=itsfoss.com">interesting project</a> by a <a href="https://hackclub.com/?ref=itsfoss.com">group of teenaged coders</a>. It explains the working of a CPU in simpler words, using graphics and analogies. It is quite a good read and demystifies how a computer runs programs. &#xA0;</p><p>You can also <a href="https://cpu.land/editions/printable.pdf?ref=itsfoss.com">download the book in PDF format</a>. </p><p><strong>&#x1F4AC; Let&apos;s see what you get in this edition of FOSS Weekly:</strong></p><ul><li>LibreOffice tips on inserting the table of contents etc</li><li>A &apos;Read it Later&apos; like open source app</li><li>Tips and tweaks to enhance file manager experience in Xfce</li><li>And other Linux news, videos, Puzzles and, of course, memes!</li></ul><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%93%B0-linux-news">&#x1F4F0; Linux news</h2><ul><li>A <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/openela-redhat-suse-oracle/?ref=itsfoss.com">big alliance</a> has been formed against Red Hat.</li><li>Ubuntu 23.10 <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-23-10-ubuntu-store/?ref=itsfoss.com">might debut</a> a new Flutter-based software center.</li><li><a href="https://go.dev/doc/go1.21?ref=itsfoss.com">Go version 1.21</a> released.</li><li>Ubuntu 22.04.3, the <a href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2023-August/000294.html?ref=itsfoss.com">third point release is now available</a> (no action is required from Ubuntu 22.04 users).</li></ul><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%A0-what-we%E2%80%99re-thinking-about">&#x1F9E0; What we&#x2019;re thinking about</h2><p>It seems several open source projects are adopting non-OSI-compliant licenses.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://www.runtime.news/as-hashicorp-adopts-the-bsl-an-era-of-open-source-software-might-be-ending/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">As HashiCorp adopts the BSL, an era of open-source software might be ending</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">HashiCorp announced Thursday that it is switching the license that governs the use of its open-source projects from the Mozilla Public License to the Business Source License (BSL), a license that does not meet the traditional definition of open source as described by the Open Source Initiative.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://www.runtime.news/content/images/size/w256h256/2023/03/runtime_icon-06.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Runtime</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Tom Krazit</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://www.runtime.news/content/images/2023/08/2022_Hashicorp_Hashiconf_Wed-1269.jpg" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%AE-tips-and-tutorials">&#x1F9EE; Tips and Tutorials</h2><p>Enhance your productivity by making use of the split screen functionality in Ubuntu GNOME.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-split-screen/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">How to Split Screen in Ubuntu GNOME</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">The split screen feature in GNOME gives your productivity a tiny boost by saving the time you spend in switching between applications.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sagar Sharma</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/linux-split-screen-in-gnome.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><p>Learn to create table of contents, figures, and more in LibreOffice Writer.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/libreoffice-table-of-contents/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Create Table of Contents and Figures in LibreOffice</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Learn to create table of contents, table of figures and index of tables in LibreOffice Writer.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sreenath</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/create-table-of-contents-libreoffice.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><p>Enhance your experience while using Xfce&apos;s Thunar file manager.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/thunar-tweaks/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">7 Tips and Tweaks for Xfce Thunar File Manager</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Thunar is a good file manager by Xfce. You can enhance your experience by using these tweaks and tips.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sagar Sharma</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/thunar-tips-and-tweaks.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><h2 id="%F0%9F%93%9A-free-book-on-cpus-inner-working">&#x1F4DA; Free book on CPU&apos;s inner working</h2><p>Visit the reading material online</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://cpu.land/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Putting the &#x201C;You&#x201D; in CPU</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Curious exactly what happens when you run a program on your computer? Learn how multiprocessing works, what system calls really are, how computers manage memory with hardware interrupts, and how Linux loads executables.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://cpu.land/favicon-on-dark.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Putting the &quot;You&quot; in CPU</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://cpu.land/banner.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><p>Or download it in PDF format.</p><div class="kg-card kg-button-card kg-align-center"><a href="https://cpu.land/editions/printable.pdf?ref=itsfoss.com" class="kg-btn kg-btn-accent">Download CPU Land Book</a></div><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%93%B9-what-we-are-watching">&#x1F4F9; What we are watching</h2><p>Just for fun :)</p><figure class="kg-card kg-embed-card"><iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9kaIXkImCAM?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen title="Interview with FFMPEG enthusiast"></iframe></figure><hr><h2 id="%E2%9C%A8-project-highlights">&#x2728; Project highlights</h2><p>Omnivore is a neat little read-it-later solution that is completely open-source!</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://news.itsfoss.com/omnivore/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Omnivore: An Open-Source Read-it-Later App Like Pocket</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">An open-source alternative to Mozilla&#x2019;s Pocket with exciting features.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/08/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS News</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sourav Rudra</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/omnivore-first-look.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%A9-puzzle-for-pro-members-only">&#x1F9E9; Puzzle (for Pro members only)</h2><p>More of a quiz than a puzzle. Test your knowledge of essential Linux concepts by completing the sentences with the right terms.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/puzzle/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Puzzle of The Week: Fill in the Blanks #1: Linux Basics</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Exercise those &#x2018;little gray cells&#x2019; of yours and solve this puzzle.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/puzzle-of-the-week.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%9B%8D%EF%B8%8F-comptia-and-cisco-prep-books-deal">&#x1F6CD;&#xFE0F; CompTIA and Cisco prep books deal</h2><p>Featuring exam guides and practice tests for certification in CyberOps, implementing and administering Cisco solutions, CompTIA Security+, and much more, this bundle will help IT professionals take the next step in their careers.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://www.humblebundle.com/books/comptia-and-cisco-cert-prep-packt-books?partner=itsfoss&amp;ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Humble Tech Book Bundle: CompTIA and Cisco Cert Prep by Packt</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">We&#x2019;ve teamed up with Packt for our newest bundle. Get exam guides and practice tests for CompTIA and Cisco certification. Pay what you want &amp; support charity!</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://cdn.humblebundle.com/static/hashed/03df0490a53d595fd930f9fff52038366d60a05d.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Humble Bundle</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://hb.imgix.net/42b357a044350ffd6ee2debd315791c0293adac2.jpg?auto=compress,format&amp;h=630&amp;w=1200&amp;s=959e3e35d13ffd68da6c34cb66d38762" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%92%A1-quick-handy-tip">&#x1F4A1; Quick handy tip</h2><p>Search for Files/Folders in Nautilus using additional conditions. First, start the search using the search icon in the top bar.</p><p>Then, click on the dropdown menu (as shown below) to set the conditions, like file, date, etc.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Tip-2-Nautilus-search-annotated.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More" loading="lazy" width="1093" height="526" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Tip-2-Nautilus-search-annotated.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Tip-2-Nautilus-search-annotated.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Tip-2-Nautilus-search-annotated.png 1093w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>More <a href="https://itsfoss.com/nautilus-file-search/">Nautilus search tips here</a>.</p><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A4%A3-meme-of-the-week">&#x1F923; Meme of the week</h2><p>Who hasn&apos;t messed up their Linux system in the beginning? :)</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/memexxx6.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More" loading="lazy" width="1080" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/memexxx6.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/memexxx6.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/memexxx6.png 1080w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%97%93%EF%B8%8F-tech-trivia">&#x1F5D3;&#xFE0F; Tech Trivia</h2><p>The Debian project turned 30 on 16th August. Ian Murdock created it in 1993 and named the project by mixing his then-girlfriend DEBra and his own name IAN. Unfortunately, <a href="https://itsfoss.com/ian-murdock-dies-mysteriously/">Murdock committed suicide</a> in 2015.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/debian-birthday.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More" loading="lazy" width="1080" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/debian-birthday.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/debian-birthday.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/debian-birthday.png 1080w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>More <a href="https://itsfoss.com/debian-facts/">Debian facts and trivia can be found here</a>.</p><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%91%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%A4%9D%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%A7%91-fossverse-corner">&#x1F9D1;&#x200D;&#x1F91D;&#x200D;&#x1F9D1; FOSSverse corner</h2><p>A nice stroll down memory lane shared by one of our regular FOSSverse members, Doron.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.community/t/anyone-here-remember-web-1-0/11018/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Anyone here remember web 1.0?</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">I miss web 1.0 &#x2026; for those of you who have no idea what I&#x2019;m talking about, that was the period from like 1989 up until 2005 or so, where the web was simple&#x2026; Geocities pages were a thing &#x2026; Netscape Navigator&#x2026; etc. I learned to write HTML during that time, and I had a cool geocities site, and so did&#x2026;</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.community/uploads/default/optimized/1X/f274f9749e3fd8b4d6fbae1cf90c5c186d2f699c_2_180x180.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS Community</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Doron_Beit-Halahmi</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.community/uploads/default/original/1X/f274f9749e3fd8b4d6fbae1cf90c5c186d2f699c.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.33: Free CPU Book, Thunar Tweaks, LibreOffice Tips and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%E2%9D%A4%EF%B8%8F-loving-its-foss">&#x2764;&#xFE0F; Loving It&apos;s FOSS?</h2><p><strong>Share the newsletter with your Linux-using friends</strong> and encourage them to subscribe (hint: <a href="https://itsfoss.com/newsletter/">it&apos;s here</a>).</p><p>Share the articles in Linux subreddits and community forums.</p><p><a href="https://itsfoss.com/11th-anniversary-offer">Become a Pro member</a> and support our work &#x1F64F;</p><p><strong>Anything else?</strong> Hit the reply button.</p><p>Keep reading It&apos;s FOSS :)</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/thunar-tweaks/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: 7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce
categories: Customization ⚙️|Tips
description:
Thunar is a good file manager by Xfce. You can enhance your experience by using these tweaks and tips.

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/thunar-tips-and-tweaks.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"><p>Thunar is the default file manager in the Xfce desktop environment, which is a balanced blend of lightweight and good user experience. </p>
<p>But like any other unexplored tool, you won&apos;t find much until you scratch the surface and that&apos;s what I did with Thunar. </p>
<p>And behind my bold statement, a variety of features will surely enhance your Linux experience.</p>
<p>In this tutorial, I will share the following tricks that you can use to levitate the Thunar experience:</p>
<ul><li>General shortcuts for Thunar  </li><li>Add Thunar plugins</li><li>Open from where you left off last time </li><li>Emblem for better recognition </li><li>Highlight file/folder </li><li>Copy or move files easily in dual pane mode</li><li>Custom actions</li></ul>
<p>So let&apos;s start with the first one.</p>
<h2 id="1-use-keyboard-shortcuts">1. Use keyboard shortcuts</h2>
<p>It is a no-brainer that by using keyboard shortcuts, you can increase your productivity. </p>
<p>So here are some easy shortcuts that you can use in Thunar to reduce the usage of the mouse:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Shortcut</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + T</code></td>
<td>New tab</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + N</code></td>
<td>New window</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>F3</code></td>
<td>Switch to dual pane mode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Alt + &#x2B05;</code></td>
<td>Back</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Alt + &#x27A1;</code></td>
<td>Forward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + F</code></td>
<td>Search for files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + S</code></td>
<td>Select a file by pattern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + H</code></td>
<td>Show hidden files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Ctrl + E</code></td>
<td>Enable tree view in the side pane</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Alt + &#x2B06;</code></td>
<td>Open parent directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Alt + home</code></td>
<td>Go to the home directory</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<p>While it looks like nothing, trust me, implement these shortcuts to your daily workflow and you&apos;d want more!</p>
<h2 id="2-open-thunar-from-where-you-left-off">2. Open Thunar from where you left off</h2>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4CB;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">This feature is only available in Thunar 4.18 or later.</div></div>
<p>Opening your file manager with the same tabs opened that you closed last time is a big feature and should be celebrated.</p>
<p>I&apos;m one of those guys who loves to explore Linux by diving deep into the Linux directories. And to open the Thunar from where I left off is a great feature.</p>
<p>To enable this, follow three simple steps:</p>
<ul><li>Click on the <code>Edit</code> menu and choose <code>Preferences</code></li><li>Go to the <code>Behavior</code> tab </li><li>And check the <code>Restore tabs on startup</code> option</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Restore-tabs-in-Thunar-file-manager.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1402" height="805" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Restore-tabs-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Restore-tabs-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Restore-tabs-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 1402w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h2 id="3-add-emblem-to-file-or-folder">3. Add emblem to file or folder </h2>
<p>Think of emblems as a special sticker for that file or folder that you want to identify as soon as possible. </p>
<p>Also, you can add emblems to make directory names more relatable. For example, you can add an emblem of &#x25B6;&#xFE0F; to the Videos directory.</p>
<p>To add an emblem, you have to follow the given steps:</p>
<ul><li>Right-click on the file/folder and select <code>Properties</code> from the context menu</li><li>Go to the <code>Emblem</code> tab and choose one or more emblems for the selected item </li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-emblem-in-Thunar-file-manager.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1260" height="782" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Add-emblem-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Add-emblem-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-emblem-in-Thunar-file-manager.png 1260w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Mine looks like this:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Emblem-in-thunar.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="794" height="377" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Emblem-in-thunar.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Emblem-in-thunar.png 794w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h2 id="4-highlight-filefolder-with-an-accent-color">4. Highlight file/folder with an accent color </h2>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4CB;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">This feature is only available in Thunar 4.18 and later</div></div>
<p>If adding emblems is not enough to stand that file/folder among others, then you can change its background color or even foreground color. </p>
<p><strong>Note: Changing the foreground color will only affect the font color of the selected item.</strong></p>
<p>To highlight a file or folder, you need to follow the given simple steps:</p>
<ul><li>Hover to the item that needs to be highlighted, right click and select <code>Preferences</code>.</li><li>Go to <code>Highlight</code> and choose between foreground or background (or even both but one at a time).</li><li>Then, select the color and it will show how will it look. If satisfied, hit the <code>Apply</code> button and if not, then reset to default by pressing the <code>Reset</code> button.</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Change-backgound-color-of-folder-or-file-in-Thunar.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1376" height="828" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Change-backgound-color-of-folder-or-file-in-Thunar.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Change-backgound-color-of-folder-or-file-in-Thunar.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Change-backgound-color-of-folder-or-file-in-Thunar.png 1376w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h2 id="5-explore-thunar-plugins">5. Explore Thunar plugins </h2>
<p>Unlike famous file managers, Thunar has comparatively fewer plugins as everything can be done through custom actions and other features are inbuilt. (cough fanboy cough). </p>
<p>But some useful plugins are there. </p>
<p>To learn more about them, you can <a href="https://goodies.xfce.org/projects/thunar-plugins/start?ref=itsfoss.com">head over to their official site.</a> </p>
<p>And in this section, I will show you how you can add an archive plugin by which you can create and extract archives from the context menu only:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Archive-plugin.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="877" height="672" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Archive-plugin.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Archive-plugin.png 877w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>To install the Thunar archive plugin in Ubuntu, use the following command:</p>
<pre><code>sudo apt install thunar-archive-plugin</code></pre>
<p>For Fedora:</p>
<pre><code>sudo dnf install thunar-archive-plugin</code></pre>
<p>For Arch:</p>
<pre><code>sudo pacman -S thunar-archive-plugin</code></pre>
<h2 id="6-use-dual-pane-feature-for-moving-and-copying-files">6. Use dual pane feature for moving and copying files</h2>
<p>This is one of those generous tips available to almost every file manager, but most people are unaware of that.</p>
<p>Then why am I adding this as a tip for Thunar? The answer is simple. The dual-pane feature of Thunar is outstanding and copying/moving files is the easiest task. </p>
<h3 id="moving-files">Moving files</h3>
<p>Let&apos;s have a look at how you can move files from one directory to another:</p>
<ul><li>First, press the <code>F3</code> to enable dual pane mode.</li><li>Navigate to directories on both sides. On one, navigate to the file that needs to be copied, and on the other side, navigate to the destination where it needs to be copied.</li><li>Now, select the items that need to be moved.</li><li>To move a file, simply select the items and drag them to the next pane (where you&apos;ve opened the directory to paste the file).</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Moving-files_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Moving-files.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1111x595/0a/spacer.png" width="1111" height="595" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Moving-files_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
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                    <div class="kg-video-player">
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                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <figcaption><p><span>Moving files</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<h3 id="copying-files">Copying files</h3>
<p>Copying is almost the same as moving. But here, you need to press <code>Ctrl</code> key while dragging and dropping the file. </p>
<ul><li>Switch to dual pane mode using <code>F3</code>.</li><li>Navigate to the target and destination on both sides.</li><li>Now, select the files, press the <code>Ctrl</code> key, drag them to the 2nd pan, release the mouse key first, and then Ctrl.</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Copying-files_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Copying-files.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1111x595/0a/spacer.png" width="1111" height="595" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Copying-files_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:05</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <figcaption><p><span>Copying files</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<p>If you notice carefully, the mouse cursor indicated an arrow &#x2197; whereas when you copy the file, it shows a plus &#x2795;.</p>
<h2 id="7-use-custom-actions-in-thunar-for-advanced-users">7. Use custom actions in Thunar  (for advanced users)</h2>
<p>By far, this is the most useful feature of Thunar where you can create your own action like creating a selected file executable, opening Thunar as a root user, and a lot more.</p>
<p>This means this will be the longest section of this tutorial!</p>
<p>First, click on the <code>Edit</code> menu and you will find the second last option to configure custom actions:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Open-configure-custom-actions.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1253" height="758" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Open-configure-custom-actions.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Open-configure-custom-actions.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Open-configure-custom-actions.png 1253w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>And as you can see, it listed all the actions available. </p>
<p>To add the action, click on the plus &#x2795; button and you&apos;ll see multiple options:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Create-custom-action.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1066" height="820" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Create-custom-action.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Create-custom-action.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Create-custom-action.png 1066w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Here,</p>
<ul><li><code>Name</code>: Name your custom action.</li><li><code>Description</code>: Info on what this action is all about (for the user&apos;s understanding).</li><li><code>Submenu</code>: To group multiple actions into one.</li><li><code>Command</code>: The key part where you&apos;ll assign a command to make this action work.</li></ul>
<p>But if you notice carefully, there&apos;s another tab named <code>Appearance Conditions</code> where you specify what types of files (and directories) this action should appear in the context menu.</p>
<p>For example, if the action should only be visible when the selected file is a text file, then you tick mark the <code>Text Files</code> box:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Appearance-settings-for-custom-action.png.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="588" height="556"></figure>
<p>Now, let me show you the custom action for opening Thunar as a root.</p>
<h3 id="creating-custom-action-to-open-thunar-as-a-root">Creating custom action to open Thunar as a root  </h3>
<p>You must have encountered a situation where you wanted to work with a file but only the root user can access it so you open the terminal and then execute the command to start the file manager as a root.</p>
<p>But using this action, it can be done with a single click.</p>
<p>To do so, enter the following in the data fields of the <code>Basic</code> tab:</p>
<ul><li>Name: Open Thunar as a root </li><li>Command: <code>pkexec thunar %F</code></li></ul>
<p>You can select any relatable icon. I&apos;m going with a simple terminal icon here.</p>
<p>Now, click on the <code>Appearance Conditions</code>  section and enter the following:</p>
<ul><li>Appears if selection contains: Directories</li></ul>
<p>In the end, data fields should look like this:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Create-custom-action-in-Thunar-1.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="1011" height="556" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Create-custom-action-in-Thunar-1.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Create-custom-action-in-Thunar-1.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Create-custom-action-in-Thunar-1.png 1011w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>And here&apos;s the end result:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Create-custom-action-to-open-thunar-as-a-root_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Create-custom-action-to-open-thunar-as-a-root.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1013x602/0a/spacer.png" width="1013" height="602" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Create-custom-action-to-open-thunar-as-a-root_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:08</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <figcaption><p><span>Opening Thunar as a root</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<p>Pretty cool. Right? </p>
<p>Here are some more that can be useful:</p>
<h3 id="custom-action-for-creating-a-symlink">Custom action for creating a symlink </h3>
<p><a href="https://linuxhandbook.com/symbolic-link-linux/?ref=itsfoss.com">Creating symbolic links</a> is one of the easiest ways to access files that are located deep inside the filesystem. Sure, it is also used to redirect paths to packages.</p>
<p>And to create a custom action to create a symlink, enter the following:</p>
<ul><li>Name: Create a Link</li><li>Description: Create a symlink</li><li>Command: <code>ln -s %f &apos;Link to %n&apos;</code></li><li>Appears if selection contains: check all the boxes. </li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Thunar-custom-action-to-create-symbolic-link.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="832" height="556" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Thunar-custom-action-to-create-symbolic-link.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Thunar-custom-action-to-create-symbolic-link.png 832w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h3 id="search-files-directly">Search files directly </h3>
<p>Click on a directory, select search, and type whatever you want to search. </p>
<p>The most convenient way to search files within the directory.</p>
<p>First, install catfish in your system and if you&apos;re using Ubuntu/Debian base, then the following command will get the job done:</p>
<pre><code>sudo apt install catfish</code></pre>
<p>Now, create a custom action and add the following:</p>
<ul><li>Name: Search files in the directory</li><li>Description: Look for files in the selected directory </li><li>Command: <code>catfish %f</code></li><li>Appears if selection contains: Check <code>Directories</code> only</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Seach-files-custom-action.png" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="833" height="556" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Seach-files-custom-action.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Seach-files-custom-action.png 833w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h3 id="install-multiple-image-conversion-actions-at-once">Install multiple image conversion actions at once</h3>
<p>While writing, I found an amazing package that includes custom actions for the following:</p>
<ul><li>Rotate images </li><li>Shrink images </li><li>Grayscale images </li><li>Convert images to PDF</li><li>Convert images to arbitrary formats</li><li><a href="https://itsfoss.com/merge-pdf-linux/">Merge PDF files</a> </li><li>Shrink PDF files in size </li><li>Creating symbolic links </li><li>Showing checksums </li><li>Fill color to the transparent area of an image</li><li>Encrypt/decrypt files </li></ul>
<p>First, install the following packages to your system:</p>
<pre><code>sudo apt install make imagemagick gnupg2 m4 build-essential pandoc gettext python3-lxml ubuntu-dev-tools git</code></pre>
<p>Now, clone the repository and change your directory to it:</p>
<pre><code>git clone https://gitlab.com/nobodyinperson/thunar-custom-actions.git &amp;&amp; cd thunar-custom-actions</code></pre>
<p>Next, check the dependency satisfaction using the following:</p>
<pre><code>./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local PASSWDFILE=/etc/passwd</code></pre>
<p>If it shows any missing package, then you may need to install that package manually (in most cases, it won&apos;t).</p>
<p>Then, build the package from the source:</p>
<pre><code>make</code></pre>
<p>After that, install the package:</p>
<pre><code>sudo make install</code></pre>
<p>To merge changes to Thunar, use the following:</p>
<pre><code>uca-apply update</code></pre>
<p>Now, <strong>log out and log back in to take effect from the changes you&apos;ve made.</strong></p>
<p>Once you do that, you&apos;d see various custom actions installed in the system:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-various-custom-actions-at-once.jpg" class="kg-image" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce" loading="lazy" width="493" height="706"></figure>
<p>But if that&apos;s too much for your use case, then you can also remove any unnecessary action by selecting it and hitting the minus button:</p>
<p>And with your imagination, you can create endless variations of custom actions. Please share your favorites (with commands) so new users can benefit from it.</p>
<h2 id="more-on-xfce-more-on-customization">More on Xfce, more on customization</h2>
<p>Some people think Xfce has a retro feel. You can surely give it a modern touch.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/customize-xfce/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">4 Ways You Can Make Xfce Look Modern and Beautiful</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Xfce is a great lightweight desktop environment but it looks old. Let&#x2019;s see how you can customize Xfce to give it a modern and beautiful look.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/07/xfce-customization.jpeg" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"></div></a></figure>
<p>Theming is the predominant method of customization. Here are <a href="https://itsfoss.com/best-xfce-themes/">some Xfce theme suggestions</a>.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/best-xfce-themes/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">11 Themes to Make Xfce Look Modern and Beautiful</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Xfce desktop looks outdated? No worries. Here are some of the best themes to make your Xfce desktop look beautiful.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Community</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/best-xfce-themes.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"></div></a></figure>
<p>I hope you liked the Thunar tweaks. We have similar articles for GNOME&apos;s Nautilus and Cinnamon&apos;s Nemo file managers.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/nautilus-tips-tweaks/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">13 Ways to Tweak Nautilus File Manager in Linux</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Nautilus, aka GNOME Files, is a good file manager with plenty of features. You can further enhance your experience by using these extensions, tweaks and tips.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/07/customizing-GNOME-Nautilus-File-Manager.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"></div></a></figure>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/nemo-tweaks/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">15 Tweaks to Make Nemo File Manager Even Better</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Nemo is a good file manager with plenty of features. You can further enhance your experience by using these extensions, tweaks and tips.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sreenath</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/08/nemo-tweaks.png" alt="7 Tips and Tweaks to Get More Out of Thunar File Manager of Xfce"></div></a></figure>
<p>Enjoy exploring new things in your Linux desktop with It&apos;s FOSS :)</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/libreoffice-table-of-contents/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice
description: Learn to create table of contents, table of figures and index of tables in LibreOffice Writer.
categories: LibreOffice
content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/create-table-of-contents-libreoffice.png" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice"><p>If you are creating a book, thesis or any such official or academic work, you must add a table of contents to your document.</p>
<p>You may also need to add a table of figures and an index of tables used in the documentation.</p>
<p>In this tutorial, I&apos;ll show you how to:</p>
<ul><li>Create the table of contents and figures automatically</li><li>Update the tables when needed</li><li>Insert the index of tables</li></ul>
<h2 id="adding-a-table-of-contents-in-libreoffice">Adding a table of contents in LibreOffice</h2>
<p>The table of contents will be generated based on the headings you have. That means a level one heading will be on top; level two and three follows as subsections of the Level one heading and so on.</p>
<p>First, you need to place the cursor on the position where you want to add the Table of Contents because the ToC (table of contents) will be added depending on where your cursor is.</p>
<p>Once you are at the right place, click on the <strong>Insert</strong> button and select <strong>Table of Contents and Index</strong>:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Select-ToC-from-Insert.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1400" height="899" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Select-ToC-from-Insert.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Select-ToC-from-Insert.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Select-ToC-from-Insert.png 1400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Select Table of Contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>This will open a dialog box for tweaking the table of contents. For the default ToC, select a name you want for the heading and then press OK.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/give-a-heading-and-press-ok-for-default-table-of-contents.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1118" height="702" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/give-a-heading-and-press-ok-for-default-table-of-contents.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/give-a-heading-and-press-ok-for-default-table-of-contents.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/give-a-heading-and-press-ok-for-default-table-of-contents.png 1118w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Give a Heading and press OK</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>This will add a simple table of contents for your entire document based on the headings.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Table-of-contents-simple.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1402" height="904" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Table-of-contents-simple.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Table-of-contents-simple.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Table-of-contents-simple.png 1402w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Simple Table of Contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">The elements in the table of contents are clickable. If you want to go to a particular heading, hold down the CTRL key and then click on the item you want to go.</div></div>
<h3 id="edit-an-existing-table-of-contents">Edit an existing table of contents</h3>
<p>To tweak the properties of an existing table of contents, right-click on it and select &quot;Edit Index&quot;:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/click-on-edit-index.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1405" height="903" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/click-on-edit-index.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/click-on-edit-index.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/click-on-edit-index.png 1405w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Click on Edit Index</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>This will open the Table of Contents dialog box, where you can make the changes like the color of the table of contents, etc.</p>
<h3 id="update-the-table-of-contents">Update the table of contents</h3>
<p>If you add a table of contents, it is write-protected by default. This means it won&apos;t change automatically as the user updates the document. </p>
<p>If you want to make the changes reflect on the Table of Contents, right-click on the ToC and select &#x201C;<strong>Update Index</strong>&#x201D;.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/update-index.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1405" height="906" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/update-index.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/update-index.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/update-index.png 1405w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Update Index</span></figcaption></figure>
<h3 id="automatically-update-the-toc-as-you-add-subheadings">Automatically update the ToC as you add subheadings</h3>
<p>But sometimes, for convenience, you may want to update your ToC automatically as you add additional headings.</p>
<p>For this, <strong>uncheck the Protect against manual changes box</strong> on the Table of Contents dialog box. This will give the required permissions to modify the ToC automatically.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/protect-against-manual-changes-disabled.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1118" height="700" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/protect-against-manual-changes-disabled.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/protect-against-manual-changes-disabled.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/protect-against-manual-changes-disabled.png 1118w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Disable Protection against manual changes</span></figcaption></figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F5D2;&#xFE0F;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">I do not prefer the automatic update. First, you should verify the changes and then update the table manually for better control.</div></div>
<h3 id="multiple-columned-table-of-contents">Multiple-columned table of contents</h3>
<p>LibreOffice Writer allows you to add the table of contents in multiple columns. </p>
<p>Go to the Table of Contents dialog box by choosing the &apos;Edit index&apos; option from the right click context menu. </p>
<p>Now, go to the <strong>Columns</strong> tab. From there, you can change the appearance, like how many columns you want for the ToC.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/two-column-toc.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1205" height="703" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/two-column-toc.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/two-column-toc.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/two-column-toc.png 1205w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Settings for a Two Column Table of Contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Once you press the OK button, you can see the table of content changed into more than one column.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/multiple-coulmn-toc.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1406" height="899" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/multiple-coulmn-toc.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/multiple-coulmn-toc.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/multiple-coulmn-toc.png 1406w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Two column table of contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<h3 id></h3>
<h3 id="table-of-contents-for-chapters">Table of contents for chapters</h3>
<p>Don&apos;t want to apply ToC for the entire document? You can add ToC for chapters, too. </p>
<p>To do this, on the ToC dialog box, select &quot;Chapters&quot; instead of &quot;Entire Document&quot;:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/table-of-contents-for-a-chapter.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1118" height="698" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/table-of-contents-for-a-chapter.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/table-of-contents-for-a-chapter.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/table-of-contents-for-a-chapter.png 1118w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Table of Contents for Chapter</span></figcaption></figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-red"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F6A7;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">If you don&apos;t have chapters on your document, the table of contents will appear blank.</div></div>
<h2 id="create-table-of-figures">Create table of figures</h2>
<p>Some academic documents require a table for all the figures and diagrams used.</p>
<p>To create the table of figures, you need to add captions to your image. To do that, right-click on an image you inserted and select &quot;Insert Caption&quot;:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/click-on-insert-caption.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1406" height="902" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/click-on-insert-caption.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/click-on-insert-caption.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/click-on-insert-caption.png 1406w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Click on Insert Caption</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>On the next screen, enter the caption for that image and click OK.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-caption-to-an-image.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="899" height="537" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/add-caption-to-an-image.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-caption-to-an-image.png 899w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Add caption to an image</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Once you have the captions for all the figures, position the cursor on a place where you want to add the table of figures. Now, select <strong>Insert &gt; Table of Contents and Index</strong>. <br>From there, select &#x201C;Table of Figures&#x201D; from the dropdown menu on the Table of Contents dialog box.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-a-simple-table-of-figure.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1116" height="701" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/add-a-simple-table-of-figure.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/add-a-simple-table-of-figure.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-a-simple-table-of-figure.png 1116w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Setting to add a simple Table of Figures</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Here, you can see that I have selected the <strong>Captions</strong> option and selected &quot;Figure&quot; as Category and &quot;Caption Text&quot; as Display. </p>
<p>This way, it will create a Table of Figures with the caption text as entries.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/displaying-table-of-figures.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1406" height="553" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/displaying-table-of-figures.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/displaying-table-of-figures.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/displaying-table-of-figures.png 1406w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Table of Figures Appearance</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>You can CTRL + click on the entry to navigate between them.</p>
<h2 id="create-an-index-of-tables">Create an index of tables</h2>
<p>An index of tables comes in handy when your document has many tables. In fact, some academic documents require an index of tables.</p>
<p>First, as in the case of the table of figures, adding a caption to your tables will be very helpful in retrieving information. So, right-click on the tables you have added and select &#x201C;Insert Caption&#x201D;. Now, provide a caption text and click OK.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-caption-to-table.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="954" height="533" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/add-caption-to-table.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-caption-to-table.png 954w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Add caption to a table</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Once the tables are ready with the caption, position your cursor on the document where you want the Index of Tables to appear. Now, click on <strong>Insert &gt; Table of Contents and Index</strong>. Select Index of Tables from the drop-down in the Table of Contents dialog box.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Index-of-tables-settings.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1118" height="706" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Index-of-tables-settings.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Index-of-tables-settings.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Index-of-tables-settings.png 1118w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Settings for Index of Tables</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Upon clicking OK, you can see that an Index of Tables has been added.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/index-of-tables-applied.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1403" height="539" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/index-of-tables-applied.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/index-of-tables-applied.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/index-of-tables-applied.png 1403w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Index of Tables Appearance</span></figcaption></figure>
<h2 id="bonus-make-table-of-content-attractive">Bonus: Make table of content attractive</h2>
<p>It is possible to make the ToC more attractive by changing the color, adding background image, etc. You can do this on the Table of Contents Dialog box.</p>
<p>For this, go to the &quot;Background&quot; tab. From there, select the color button to apply different background colors to your Table of Contents blocks.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-colors-to-ToC.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1257" height="701" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/add-colors-to-ToC.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/add-colors-to-ToC.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/add-colors-to-ToC.png 1257w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Add colors to Table of Contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Or, select the &#x201C;Image&#x201D; button to add images, textures, etc. as background for your Table of Content.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-image-background-to-ToC.png" class="kg-image" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice" loading="lazy" width="1257" height="701" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Add-image-background-to-ToC.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Add-image-background-to-ToC.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-image-background-to-ToC.png 1257w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Add an Image background to Table of Contents</span></figcaption></figure>
<h2 id="more-on-libreoffice"><strong>More on LibreOffice</strong></h2>
<p>There are many more advanced Table of Contents settings in LibreOffice. You can try them all in a sample document. </p>
<p>You may also check out this article on LibreOffice tips.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/libreoffice-tips/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">7 LibreOffice Tips To Get More Out of It</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Brief: LibreOffice is an excellent office suite. These LibreOffice tips will enable you to use it more effectively. There is little doubt that LibreOffice is the best open source office product out there. While you might use it for writing documents, creating spreadsheets or making present&#x2026;</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2017/12/LibreOffice-logo.jpeg" alt="Create Table of Contents, Figures and Index of Tables in LibreOffice"></div></a></figure>
<p> Did you find any other productivity tips and suggestions on this? Comment them below.</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-split-screen/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once
categories: Ubuntu
description:
The split screen feature in GNOME gives your productivity a tiny boost by saving the time you spend in switching between applications.

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/linux-split-screen-in-gnome.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><p>The ability to split screen and view two applications simultaneously is a lifesaver.</p>
<p>It helps me in situations where I have to follow documentation and use the commands from the documentation.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/split-screen-ubuntu.png" class="kg-image" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once" loading="lazy" width="1920" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/split-screen-ubuntu.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/split-screen-ubuntu.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1600/2023/08/split-screen-ubuntu.png 1600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/split-screen-ubuntu.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>If you have a monitor with a large screen capable enough to show multiple windows simultaneously, then splitting the screen to fit multiple windows becomes mandatory.</p>
<p><strong>Splitting </strong>the <strong>screen is as simple as dragging an application to the left or right edge of the screen.</strong></p>
<p>I&apos;ll show that in detail in this tutorial. I&apos;ll also discuss keyboard shortcuts and dedicated extensions to enhance this experience.</p>
<p>To summarise, you&apos;ll learn to split screen in GNOME</p>
<ul><li>Using the mouse (easy)</li><li>Using keyboard shortcuts </li><li>Using a GNOME extension (for more options to split windows and control)</li></ul>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4CB;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">Though this tutorial is written using Ubuntu, the steps should be valid for other distributions using GNOME desktop environment.</div></div>
<h2 id="split-screen-in-ubuntu-using-mouse-easy">Split screen in Ubuntu using mouse (easy)</h2>
<p>By far, this is the easiest method to split screen.</p>
<p>To split screen, all you have to do is drag the window to the extreme left and you&apos;d see a selected area in which the window will be placed:</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">If you don&apos;t want to drag the window by bonding the header always, then you can press and hold the super key and the window will be selected and can be dragged from anywhere.</div></div>
<p>Still confused?  Follow two simple steps:</p>
<ul><li>Hover your cursor on the window header select and drag it to the extreme left or right, based on where you want to place the window.</li><li>Repeat the same step for the other window in the opposite direction (if the first was on the left then this one should be on the right).</li></ul>
<p>Here&apos;s a simple example of how I split Firefox and file manager in the entire screen:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/11_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
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                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <figcaption><p><span>split screen using a mouse</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<p>But you may not want to allocate half of the screen to that specific window.</p>
<p>Such as in my case, the browser window should be larger than the file managers&apos;. </p>
<p>To resize the windows, hover your cursor on the split and then, press and hold the cursor and change the size of window panes accordingly:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize-split-window-in-Ubuntu-GNOME-using-mouse-1_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize-split-window-in-Ubuntu-GNOME-using-mouse-1.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1918x940/0a/spacer.png" width="1918" height="940" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize-split-window-in-Ubuntu-GNOME-using-mouse-1_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:10</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <figcaption><p><span>resize split windows using the mouse</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<h2 id="split-screen-in-ubuntu-using-keyboard">Split screen in Ubuntu using keyboard </h2>
<p>If you <a href="https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/">prefer using the keyboard</a> as much as possible, then you can have the same result as above but with the keyboard.</p>
<p>To split screen, all you have to do is follow two simple steps:</p>
<ul><li>Use <code>Alt + tab</code> to focus on a window that needs to be splitted </li><li>Press <code>Shift + right/left arrow key</code> to split the focused window</li></ul>
<p>Some people also use the super key in Ubuntu instead of Shift.</p>
<p>For your reference, here, I split the screen between the file manager and Firefox: </p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Split-windows-in-Ubuntu-using-keyboard-shortcuts-in-GNOME_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Split-windows-in-Ubuntu-using-keyboard-shortcuts-in-GNOME.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1918x940/0a/spacer.png" width="1918" height="940" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Split-windows-in-Ubuntu-using-keyboard-shortcuts-in-GNOME_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:05</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
        </figure>
<p>And if you want to resize two windows, here&apos;s what you have to follow:</p>
<ul><li>Press <code>Alt + F8</code> to enable resize mode</li><li>Use arrow keys to resize the windows </li><li>Press the <code>Esc</code> or the <code>Enter</code> key to get out of the resize mode</li></ul>
<p>Looks confusing? Here&apos;s what those three steps look like in real life:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize_split_screen_windows_in_Ubuntu_using_keyboard_shortcuts_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize_split_screen_windows_in_Ubuntu_using_keyboard_shortcuts.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1918x940/0a/spacer.png" width="1918" height="940" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Resize_split_screen_windows_in_Ubuntu_using_keyboard_shortcuts_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:10</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
        </figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-red"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F6A7;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">Some rare applications may not respond to keyboard shortcuts for screen splitting. You can use the drag and drop in such cases.</div></div>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">13 Keyboard Shortcuts Every Ubuntu User Should Know</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Knowing keyboard shortcuts increase your productivity. Here are some useful Ubuntu shortcut keys that will help you use Ubuntu like a pro.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/09/ubuntu-keyboard-shortcuts.jpeg" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"></div></a></figure>
<h2 id="split-the-screen-into-multiple-portions-using-the-gnome-extension">Split the screen into multiple portions using the GNOME extension </h2>
<p>If you want to see even more application windows simultaneously, you can use some GNOME extensions and split the screen in four, six or eight parts.</p>
<p>If you don&apos;t know how you install and manage extensions in GNOME, I would highly recommend <a href="https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/">our detailed guide on using GNOME extensions.</a></p>
<p>While many extensions exist for this purpose, I found Tactile the easiest yet the most effective.</p>
<p>Install Tactlie from the <a href="https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/4548/tactile/?ref=itsfoss.com">official extension page</a>.</p>
<p>Once done, you have to follow simple steps to split screen:</p>
<ul><li>Press <code>Supet + t</code> to start Tactile extension and will divide the screen into 6 parts written with alphabets.</li><li><strong>You press one alphabet twice to split the focused window in the shown section.</strong></li><li>Furthermore, you can also use area from two or more alphabets by pressing them once in sequence. </li><li>For example, if I want to allocate an area shown by <code>A</code> and <code>S</code> to Firefox, then, I will keep Firefox in focus, press <code>Super + t</code> and press <code>A</code> and <code>S</code> (in sequence).</li></ul>
<p>For your reference, here, I split the screen between 4 windows:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/split-screen-in-4-or-more-in-Ubuntu-GNOME--1_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/split-screen-in-4-or-more-in-Ubuntu-GNOME--1.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1920x1080/0a/spacer.png" width="1920" height="1080" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/split-screen-in-4-or-more-in-Ubuntu-GNOME--1_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="kg-video-player-container kg-video-hide">
                    <div class="kg-video-player">
                        <button class="kg-video-play-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-pause-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <rect x="3" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                                <rect x="14" y="1" width="7" height="22" rx="1.5" ry="1.5"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <span class="kg-video-current-time">0:00</span>
                        <div class="kg-video-time">
                            /<span class="kg-video-duration">0:15</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-seek-slider" max="100" value="0">
                        <button class="kg-video-playback-rate">1&#xD7;</button>
                        <button class="kg-video-unmute-icon">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M15.189 2.021a9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1.794a.249.249 0 0 1 .221.133 9.73 9.73 0 0 0 7.924 4.85h.06a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3.02a1 1 0 0 0-1.06-.998Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <button class="kg-video-mute-icon kg-video-hide">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                                <path d="M16.177 4.3a.248.248 0 0 0 .073-.176v-1.1a1 1 0 0 0-1.061-1 9.728 9.728 0 0 0-7.924 4.85.249.249 0 0 1-.221.133H5.25a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h.114a.251.251 0 0 0 .177-.073ZM23.707 1.706A1 1 0 0 0 22.293.292l-22 22a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l.009.009a1 1 0 0 0 1.405-.009l6.63-6.631A.251.251 0 0 1 8.515 17a.245.245 0 0 1 .177.075 10.081 10.081 0 0 0 6.5 2.92 1 1 0 0 0 1.061-1V9.266a.247.247 0 0 1 .073-.176Z"/>
                            </svg>
                        </button>
                        <input type="range" class="kg-video-volume-slider" max="100" value="100">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
        </figure>
<h3 id="customizing-the-tactile-area">Customizing the Tactile area</h3>
<p>As I explained earlier, by default, you can divide your screen into 8 parts.</p>
<p>But let&apos;s be honest. Unless you have a very large display, dividing your screen between 8 windows is not practical (at all).</p>
<p>The good thing is Tactile allows you to customize the area with the option to have multiple layouts so you tweak each and use them as per the workload demands.</p>
<p>First, open the <code>Extension</code> (if you installed gnome-shell-extension) or <code>Extension Manager</code>.</p>
<p>Then, open the settings of the <code>Tactile</code>:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Open-the-settings-of-Tactile.png" class="kg-image" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once" loading="lazy" width="902" height="602" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Open-the-settings-of-Tactile.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Open-the-settings-of-Tactile.png 902w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Here, you can remove/add rows and columns to create a perfect split-screen for your use case.</p>
<p>For example, I wanted to have only 3 columns to I can split the screen into 3 windows, so, I went with the following configuration:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/customize-Tactile-extension.png" class="kg-image" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once" loading="lazy" width="759" height="678" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/customize-Tactile-extension.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/customize-Tactile-extension.png 759w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<h3 id="switching-between-layouts-in-tactile">Switching between layouts in Tactile </h3>
<p>Customizing layouts, check &#x2705;.</p>
<p>But how would you switch between them? The answer is pretty simple.</p>
<p>By following the given steps:</p>
<ul><li>Start the Tactile by pressing <code>Super + t</code></li><li>Press the number of the layout you want to select (press 3 for the 3rd layout)</li></ul>
<p>Here&apos;s a visual representation:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-video-card kg-width-regular kg-card-hascaption" data-kg-thumbnail="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Change-layouts-in-Tactile_thumb.jpg" data-kg-custom-thumbnail>
            <div class="kg-video-container">
                <video src="https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Change-layouts-in-Tactile.webm" poster="https://img.spacergif.org/v1/1920x1080/0a/spacer.png" width="1920" height="1080" loop autoplay muted playsinline preload="metadata" style="background: transparent url(&apos;https://itsfoss.com/content/media/2023/08/Change-layouts-in-Tactile_thumb.jpg&apos;) 50% 50% / cover no-repeat;"></video>
                <div class="kg-video-overlay">
                    <button class="kg-video-large-play-icon">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path d="M23.14 10.608 2.253.164A1.559 1.559 0 0 0 0 1.557v20.887a1.558 1.558 0 0 0 2.253 1.392L23.14 13.393a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0-2.785Z"/>
                        </svg>
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            <figcaption><p><span>Changing layouts in Tactile</span></p></figcaption>
        </figure>
<h2 id="productivity-hacks-for-handling-multiple-applications">Productivity hacks for handling multiple applications </h2>
<p>If you run several applications simultaneously, grouping them in different workspaces could be a good idea. Learn about <a href="https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-workspaces/">using workspaces in Ubuntu</a>.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-workspaces/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Ubuntu Workspaces: Enabling, Creating, and Switching</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Ubuntu workspaces let you dabble with multiple windows while keeping things organized. Here&#x2019;s all you need to know.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sreenath</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/ubuntu-workspaces.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"></div></a></figure>
<p>Love the splitting screen idea? How about implementing it inside a terminal with <a href="https://itsfoss.com/terminator/">Terminator</a>?</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/terminator/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Terminator: The Tiling Terminal Emulator for Linux Pros</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Want to run multiple sessions in one terminal Window? Screen and tmux commands could be complicated. Terminator is what you need.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Anuj Sharma</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/11/terminator.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"></div></a></figure>
<p>I can&apos;t say I should call it a productivity hack. You can watch videos all the time using the &apos;<a href="https://itsfoss.com/always-on-top/">always on top</a>&apos; feature in GNOME.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/always-on-top/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Always on Top: Ignored But Handy Feature in Linux Desktop</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">With the &#x201C;Always on Top&#x201D; feature, you can keep an application on top of all other all the time. Comes in handy when you have to keep an app under watch.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/12/always-on-top-linux.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"></div></a></figure>
<p>And if you loved the idea of multiple application views in one screen, you may like the tiling windows. Explore the <a href="https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/">Regolith project</a>.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Get a Preconfigured Tiling Window Manager on Ubuntu With Regolith</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Brief: Using tiling window manager in Linux can be tricky with all those configuration. Regolith gives you an out of box i3wm experience within Ubuntu. Perhaps you have come across desktop screenshot like the one below in some forums. If you haven&#x2019;t, try checking this subreddit. You might have</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2019/09/regolith-linux.png" alt="Use Split Screen in Ubuntu to View Multiple Application Windows at Once"></div></a></figure>
<p>Small things like these often remain hidden. But once you discover them, you realize what you were missing on.</p>
<p>I hope you like the split screen feature enough to use it regularly. Subscribe to It&apos;s FOSS, if you haven&apos;t already, for more such desktop Linux tips and tutorials.</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/newsletter/foss-weekly-23-32/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More
categories: Newsletter ✉️
description:
Good news is that Indian government is experimenting with Linux instead of Windows.
Bad news is that Vim's creator has passed away :(

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/foss-weekly-23-32.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><p>To deter malware and cyber attacks, <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/indian-govt-linux-windows/?ref=itsfoss.com">Indian defense services are moving away from Microsoft Windows to Linux</a>. They have developed an Ubuntu-based custom distro Maya.</p><p>For the past few years, governments over the globe have been experimenting with Linux. Lower operation costs and enhanced security often inspire this move.</p><p>Whatever the reason, it&apos;s always good to see Linux getting its due &#x1F60E;&#x1F9BE;</p><p><strong>&#x1F4AC; Let&apos;s see what else you get in this edition of FOSS Weekly:</strong></p><ul><li>Asahi Linux has partnered with Fedora for a new flagship distro.</li><li>Linux has surpassed macOS in gaming.</li><li>Bram Moolenaar, the creator of Vim, has passed away.</li><li>Final chapter of the Bash Basics series.</li><li>And other Linux news, videos, Puzzles and, of course, memes!</li></ul><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%93%B0-linux-news">&#x1F4F0; Linux news</h2><ul><li>A new Asahi Linux flagship distribution based on Fedora is <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-asahi-remix-apple/?ref=itsfoss.com">in the works</a>.</li><li>Codecov, the code coverage tool, recently <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/codecov-open-source/?ref=itsfoss.com">opened their source code</a>.</li><li>Linux has <a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-steam-macos/?ref=itsfoss.com">surpassed macOS</a> in gaming.</li><li>Touch-based note taking app Xournal++ <a href="https://github.com/xournalpp/xournalpp/blob/release-1.2/CHANGELOG.md?ref=itsfoss.com#120">released version 1.2.0</a>.</li><li><a href="https://news.itsfoss.com/incus-lxd-fork/?ref=itsfoss.com">LXD container project has been forked</a> to keep things within the community.</li></ul><p>Ubuntu but rolling release? Rhino Linux is aiming to make that possible. It is out of beta now.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux-release/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Rolling-Release Ubuntu-based Rhino Linux Has Landed</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Rhino Linux is an interesting option to have!</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/08/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS News</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sourav Rudra</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/rhino-linux-release.jpg" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%95%8A%EF%B8%8F-rest-in-peace">&#x1F54A;&#xFE0F; Rest in peace</h2><p>Remembering Bram Moolenaar, Vim&apos;s visionary creator who is no longer with us.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://news.itsfoss.com/vim-creator-passed-away/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Farewell to a Legend: Creator of Vim, Bram Moolenaar, Passed Away &#x1F62D;</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Vim creator bids us adieu at age 62.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/08/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS News</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sourav Rudra</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/vim-creator-passed-away-ft.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%A0-what-we%E2%80%99re-thinking-about">&#x1F9E0; What we&#x2019;re thinking about</h2><p>Microsoft is betting big on the Desktop-as-a-service (DaaS) model. This could result in the Linux desktop being the only &#x201C;real&#x201D; desktop around.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://www.theregister.com/2023/08/04/linux_desktop_cloud_desktops/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Most popular &#x2018;real&#x2019; desktop will soon be the Linux desktop</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Microsoft is moving Windows to the cloud and Apple will be happy to have you run macOS on the cloud</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://www.theregister.com/design_picker/13249a2e80709c7ff2e57dd3d49801cd534f2094/graphics/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">The Register</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://regmedia.co.uk/2022/02/07/shutterstock_penguin.jpg" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%AE-tips-and-tutorials">&#x1F9EE; Tips and Tutorials</h2><p>We have finally arrived at the last chapter of our Bash Basics series!</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/bash-function/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Learn all about functions in the final chapter of the Bash Basics series.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/bash-functions.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><p>Become a pro at finding files using Nautilus file search!</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/nautilus-file-search/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Mastering Nautilus File Search in Linux Desktop</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Become a pro finder with these handy tips to improve your file search experience with GNOME&#x2019;s Nautilus file search.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sreenath</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/nautilus-file-search.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><p>A simple tutorial about adding text comment and highlighting text in PDF files.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/annotate-pdf-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&#x2019;s Guide]</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">You don&#x2019;t need a dedicated PDF editor to add comments and highlight text. Here&#x2019;s how you can use GNOME&#x2019;s Document Viewer to annotate PDFs in Linux.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/annotate-pdfs-in-linux.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><h2 id="%F0%9F%93%B9-what-we-are-watching">&#x1F4F9; What we are watching</h2><p>We spotted a cool work-in-progress GNOME Shell extension that improves the desktop experience.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-embed-card"><iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5IPtmicryVQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen title="Just Perfection GNOME Shell Extension Version 25 (Codename Rosa)"></iframe></figure><hr><h2 id="%E2%9C%A8-project-highlights">&#x2728; Project highlights</h2><p>Warp is a neat little tool for secure file sharing across devices.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://news.itsfoss.com/warp-file-sharing/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Warp: An Open-Source Secure File Sharing App That Works Cross-Platform</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">A seamless way to securely share files between Linux and Windows? Try this out!</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/08/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS News</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Sourav Rudra</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/warp-first-look.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%A9-puzzle-for-pro-members-only">&#x1F9E9; Puzzle (for Pro members only)</h2><p>A new kind of puzzle this week. You have to solve five riddles. The answer could be a distro or an element of the Linux ecosystem. Can you get them all?</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/puzzle/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Puzzle of The Week: Riddles #1: Linux Terms</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Exercise those &#x2018;little gray cells&#x2019; of yours and solve this puzzle.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Abhishek Prakash</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/puzzle-of-the-week.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%9B%8D%EF%B8%8F-devops-ebooks-deal-ending-in-4-days">&#x1F6CD;&#xFE0F; DevOps eBooks deal (ending in 4 days)</h2><p>Expand your DevOps skills and solve a range of engineering &amp; IT issues with this bundle of books from O&#x2019;Reilly. Learn how to harness service mesh technology in <em>Consul: Up and Running</em>. Discover best practices for managing reliable and sustainable systems in <em>Modern System Administration</em>.</p><p>Part of the purchase gets donated to Code for America.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://www.humblebundle.com/books/devops-2023-oreilly-books?partner=itsfoss&amp;ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Humble Tech Book Bundle: DevOps 2023 by O&#x2019;Reilly</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">We&#x2019;ve teamed up with O&#x2019;Reilly for our newest bundle. Get books for software engineers and IT operations professionals. Pay what you want &amp; support charity!</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://cdn.humblebundle.com/static/hashed/03df0490a53d595fd930f9fff52038366d60a05d.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Humble Bundle</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://hb.imgix.net/65b5896490ac62a19e4afb4a42c6ccde8e8dcdbe.jpg?auto=compress,format&amp;h=630&amp;w=1200&amp;s=f8309a18c388b384094d6cf19d155c96" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%92%A1-quick-handy-tip">&#x1F4A1; Quick handy tip</h2><p>Use the GUI find option in the GNOME terminal to search for words in the displayed text on the screen.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Tip-1-Find-in-terminal.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More" loading="lazy" width="1263" height="608" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Tip-1-Find-in-terminal.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Tip-1-Find-in-terminal.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Tip-1-Find-in-terminal.png 1263w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A4%A3-meme-of-the-week">&#x1F923; Meme of the week</h2><p>Those Windows updates can be fatal for your dual-boot systems!</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/memexx4-1.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More" loading="lazy" width="1080" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/memexx4-1.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/memexx4-1.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/memexx4-1.png 1080w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%97%93%EF%B8%8F-tech-trivia">&#x1F5D3;&#xFE0F; Tech Trivia</h2><p>The GNOME project turns 26 on the 15th of August. Created by then University students Miguel de Icaza &amp; Federico Mena Quintero, GNOME has become the default identity of many Linux distributions.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/gnome-birthday.png" class="kg-image" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More" loading="lazy" width="1080" height="1080" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/gnome-birthday.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/gnome-birthday.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/gnome-birthday.png 1080w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><hr><h2 id="%F0%9F%A7%91%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%A4%9D%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%A7%91-fossverse-corner">&#x1F9D1;&#x200D;&#x1F91D;&#x200D;&#x1F9D1; FOSSverse corner</h2><p>An interesting discussion started by longtime It&apos;s FOSS reader Pat.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.community/t/touch-in-the-modern-world/10972?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Touch in the modern world</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">I thought I&#x2019;d ask the community something that has become a question in my mind. I saw two different tutorials today where the instructions state: touch filename vi filename I know what touch does, but it isn&#x2019;t needed at all. Whether you use vim or nano and probably most other editors you can&#x2026;</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.community/uploads/default/optimized/1X/f274f9749e3fd8b4d6fbae1cf90c5c186d2f699c_2_180x180.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">It&apos;s FOSS Community</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">pdecker</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.community/uploads/default/original/1X/f274f9749e3fd8b4d6fbae1cf90c5c186d2f699c.png" alt="FOSS Weekly #23.32: PDF Editing, File Search Mastery, Rhino Linux and More"></div></a></figure><hr><h2 id="%E2%9D%A4%EF%B8%8F-loving-its-foss">&#x2764;&#xFE0F; Loving It&apos;s FOSS?</h2><p><strong>Share the newsletter with your Linux-using friends</strong> and encourage them to subscribe (hint: <a href="https://itsfoss.com/newsletter/">it&apos;s here</a>).</p><p>Share the articles in Linux subreddits and forums.</p><p><a href="https://itsfoss.com/11th-anniversary-offer">Become a Pro member</a> and support our work &#x1F64F;</p><p><strong>Anything else?</strong> Hit the reply button.</p><p>Keep reading It&apos;s FOSS :)</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/annotate-pdf-linux/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner's Guide]
categories: Tutorial
description:
You don't need a dedicated PDF editor to add comments and highlight text. Here's how you can use GNOME's Document Viewer to annotate PDFs in Linux.

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/annotate-pdfs-in-linux.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"><p>Reading something interesting in PDF format and feel the need of adding a comment or highlight certain text? Perhaps you want to provide feedback on the PDF document?</p>
<p>There are <a href="https://itsfoss.com/pdf-editors-linux/">several PDF editors available for Linux users</a>. But you don&apos;t need a dedicated PDF editor just for this simple task.</p>
<p>Most PDF readers have built-in annotation features and you can use it to quickly and easily highlight text and add comments.</p>
<p>I recently &apos;discovered&apos; it when I was reviewing the upcoming 4th edition of the <a href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-pocket-guide/9780596806347/?ref=itsfoss.com">Linux Pocket Guide book by O&apos;Reilly</a>. The publisher requested suggestions on the PDF file itself.</p>
<p>Let me share how you can annotate PDFs in Linux using Evince (the default PDF reader in GNOME). The same can be achieved with Okular (the default PDF reader in KDE) too.</p>
<p>Most Linux distributions should come with either of the above tools. If not, you can easily install them. I am not going into the installation process. Please look for them in your distribution&apos;s software manager.</p>
<h2 id="annotating-pdfs-with-evince-document-viewer">Annotating PDFs with Evince Document Viewer</h2>
<p>Open the desired PDF file with Evince (also known as Document Viewer in GNOME).</p>
<p>You&apos;ll see an edit option in the top left side of the Document Viewer application. Click on it and the following two options will appear:</p>
<ul><li>Note text (for adding comments)</li><li>Highlight text (for highlighting selected text)</li></ul>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/annotate-pdf-with-gnome-document-viewer-in-linux.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1144" height="747" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/annotate-pdf-with-gnome-document-viewer-in-linux.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/annotate-pdf-with-gnome-document-viewer-in-linux.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/annotate-pdf-with-gnome-document-viewer-in-linux.png 1144w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Let me share their workings in detail.</p>
<h3 id="adding-comments-in-pdf">Adding comments in PDF</h3>
<p>To add a comment, <strong>click on Note text</strong> option.</p>
<p>You&apos;ll notice that the cursor gets changed into a <strong>+</strong> sign. You can click anywhere in the document and it will immediately add a note icon and open another window for adding your notes.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/adding-comments-to-pdf-linux.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1145" height="688" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/adding-comments-to-pdf-linux.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/adding-comments-to-pdf-linux.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/adding-comments-to-pdf-linux.png 1145w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>I suggest clicking at the end of the line so that the note icon is on the white space and doesn&apos;t obstruct the actual text of the file.</p>
<p>Once you have added the desired note, you can <strong>click the x button on the note field to close</strong> the note text window.</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">You can move the annotation icons by dragging them across the screen.</div></div>
<h3 id="highlight-text-in-pdf">Highlight text in PDF</h3>
<p>Similarly, you can choose the Highlight text option to highlight specific text in the PDF file.</p>
<p>After that, just select the text you want to highlight. It will start highlighting as soon as you start moving the cursor.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/highlight-text-pdf-linux.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1144" height="747" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/highlight-text-pdf-linux.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/highlight-text-pdf-linux.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/highlight-text-pdf-linux.png 1144w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">You can also add notes on the highlighted text to provide some context on the highlight. To add text, click on the highlighted text (which is clickable now).</div></div>
<h3 id="saving-the-annotated-file">Saving the annotated file</h3>
<p>You might have added the note on the PDF but the changes are not saved yet.</p>
<p>Saving the change is simple. Press the <code>Ctrl+S</code> keys and it will give you the option of where you want to save the file.</p>
<p>You can overwrite the existing PDF file or save it as a new one.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/save-annotated-file.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="734" height="483" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/save-annotated-file.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/save-annotated-file.png 734w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4CB;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">The notes, comments and highlights are attached to the PDF file and they should be available even if you open the PDF file with some other tool that can read annotations.</div></div>
<h3 id="reading-the-annotations">Reading the annotations</h3>
<p>To read a text note or comment, just hover over the note icon or highlighted text. It will show the notes immediately.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/reading-annotations-pdf-linux-1.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1152" height="654" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/reading-annotations-pdf-linux-1.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/reading-annotations-pdf-linux-1.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/reading-annotations-pdf-linux-1.png 1152w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Don&apos;t click the icons to read the text. Clicking will open it for editing.</p>
<h3 id="edit-an-existing-annotation">Edit an existing annotation</h3>
<p>Let&apos;s say you noticed that you need to add more details to an existing note. All you have to do is to click the Note icon.</p>
<p>It will open the added text. You can read it and you can also edit it if you like. The same works for the notes in the highlighted text section. </p>
<p>However, it won&apos;t work completely for editing the highlighted text. It will work if you think you have to highlight more text around an existing one. But if you want to shorten the highlighted text, it won&apos;t work.</p>
<p>For that, you have to delete the highlight and add it again.</p>
<h3 id="delete-an-existing-annotation">Delete an existing annotation</h3>
<p>Deleting annotations is as simple as right-clicking on the annotation and selecting the &apos;Remove Annotation&apos; option.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/remove-annotations-from-pdf-in-linux.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1106" height="706" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/remove-annotations-from-pdf-in-linux.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/remove-annotations-from-pdf-in-linux.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/remove-annotations-from-pdf-in-linux.png 1106w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>The same is valid for highlighted text too.</p>
<h3 id="modifying-the-look-and-feel-of-the-annotations">Modifying the look and feel of the annotations</h3>
<p>Don&apos;t like the default yellow color or the notes icon? All this can be changed.</p>
<p>Right-click on an existing annotation and select the &apos;Annotation Properties...&apos; option.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/change-annotation-design-pdf.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1106" height="706" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/change-annotation-design-pdf.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/change-annotation-design-pdf.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/change-annotation-design-pdf.png 1106w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>You can change the author of the comment, color and opacity of the annotation. You can also change the icons for the notes and markup type for highlights (strikeout, underline etc).</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/changing-annotation-properties.png" class="kg-image" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]" loading="lazy" width="1122" height="636" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/changing-annotation-properties.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/changing-annotation-properties.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/changing-annotation-properties.png 1122w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>This is for existing annotations only. I could not find a way to change the properties by default for all future annotations.</p>
<h2 id="more-pdf-edition-options">More PDF edition options</h2>
<p>Dedicated PDF editors are available if you need more than simple text notes and highlighting.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/pdf-editors-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">11 Best Linux PDF Editors You Can Use in 2023</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Looking for the best PDF editing options? You should find some awesome options here!</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Ankush Das</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">It&apos;s FOSS</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2017/09/Tools_TO_EDIT_PDF_IN_LINUX.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"></div></a></figure>
<p>These tools may allow you to rearrange or merge PDF files.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/merge-pdf-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">How to Merge PDF Files in Linux</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Got several PDFs on the same subject and now you want to combine them into a single PDF? Or perhaps you need to upload a single file consisting of different files? Many government and academic portals require that. As a Linux user, if you are in a situation where you</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Sagar Sharma</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">It&apos;s FOSS</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/11/how-to-merge-pdf-files.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"></div></a></figure>
<p>You can also <a href="https://itsfoss.com/compress-pdf-linux/">compress the PDF files</a> if you want.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/compress-pdf-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">How to Compress PDF in Linux [GUI &amp; Terminal]</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Brief: Learn how to reduce the size of a PDF file in Linux. Both command line and GUI methods have been discussed. I was filling some application form and it asked to upload the necessary documents in PDF format. Not a big issue. I gathered all the scanned images and</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Abhishek Prakash</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">It&apos;s FOSS</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/05/compress-pdf-linux.jpg" alt="How to Annotate PDFs in Linux [Beginner&apos;s Guide]"></div></a></figure>
<p>There is no end to PDF editing. I hope you liked this beginner&apos;s tip on PDF annotation in Linux. </p>
<p>KDE&apos;s Okular also provides PDF annotation options. Perhaps I could do a similar article on Okular some other day.</p>
<p>Please provide your feedback in the comment section.</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/firefox-screenshot/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome
categories: Firefox
description:
Firefox has a built-in screenshot utility and you can use it to take screenshots of the entire webpage. Chrome can also do the same.

content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/full-page-screenshot-firefox.png" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome"><p>Taking screenshots to capture information is pretty common. </p>
<p>But did you know you can take screenshots of an entire webpage in Firefox?</p>
<p>Firefox comes with an in-built screen capture tool that allows you to take screenshots of selected areas, visible screen areas, or even entire web pages.</p>
<p>This means if you want to save a webpage for later reference, you can quickly capture the entire webpage.</p>
<p>Chrome also has the screenshot feature but it is slightly more complicated.</p>
<p>In this tutorial, I will walk you through the following:</p>
<ul><li>How to take screenshots in Firefox </li><li>How to capture screenshots in Chrome </li><li>Using the Nimbus extension to get more features than the in-built one </li></ul>
<p>So let&apos;s start with the first one.</p>
<h2 id="taking-full-page-screenshots-in-firefox">Taking full-page screenshots in Firefox</h2>
<p>Firefox&apos;s in-built tool lets you select the whole screen, the complete page, or even a specific paragraph with a single click.</p>
<h3 id="step-1-access-the-screenshot-tool">Step 1: Access the screenshot tool</h3>
<p>To start the screenshot utility, you press <code>Ctrl + Shift + s</code> while using Firefox.</p>
<p>If you don&apos;t always remember shortcuts, you can access the tool from the right-click menu as well.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/take-screenshot-firefox.png" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1062" height="577" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/take-screenshot-firefox.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/take-screenshot-firefox.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/take-screenshot-firefox.png 1062w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"><figcaption><span>Screenshot tool can also be accessed from right-click context menu</span></figcaption></figure>
<p>If you regularly take screenshots, adding the utility to the toolbar would be a good idea. And to do so, you follow the simple three steps:</p>
<ol><li>First, Right-click on the toolbar and select the option <code>Customize Toolbar</code></li><li>Find the <code>Screenshot</code> utility and drag it to the toolbar</li><li>Hit the <code>Done</code> button and that&apos;s it</li></ol>
<p>Still confused? Here&apos;s how you do it:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-screenshot-feature-to-Firefox-browser-1.gif" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1067" height="408" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Add-screenshot-feature-to-Firefox-browser-1.gif 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Add-screenshot-feature-to-Firefox-browser-1.gif 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Add-screenshot-feature-to-Firefox-browser-1.gif 1067w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Once enabled, you can click on the screenshot logo that you just dragged to the toolbar.</p>
<h3 id="step-2-take-a-screenshot-in-firefox">Step 2: Take a screenshot in Firefox</h3>
<p>When you start the screenshot tool, it will prompt with two options: <code>Save full page</code> and <code>Save visible</code>. Here,</p>
<ul><li>Save full page will capture the entire webpage </li><li>Save Visible will only capture what is visible in the current frame </li></ul>
<p>But if you want to capture a specific part, you can select that part using the mouse cursor and save it:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Capture-specific-part-of-webpage-to-screenshot-in-Firefox.gif" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1066" height="595" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Capture-specific-part-of-webpage-to-screenshot-in-Firefox.gif 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Capture-specific-part-of-webpage-to-screenshot-in-Firefox.gif 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Capture-specific-part-of-webpage-to-screenshot-in-Firefox.gif 1066w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>As you can see, there are two options: Save or copy (to clipboard so that you can paste it to a document or editing tool). You can use either as per your use case.</p>
<h2 id="take-full-page-screenshots-in-chrome">Take full-page screenshots in Chrome </h2>
<p>Taking full-page screenshots in Chrome is a little trickier than in Firefox because it is hidden under the developer options.</p>
<p>Worry not! You&apos;ll get there in the following steps:</p>
<ul><li>Open the menu and go to More Tools-&gt; Developer tools. Alternatively, you can press <code>Ctrl + Shift + l</code> to directory get into Developer tools.</li><li>Press <code>Ctrl + Shift + p</code> and type <strong>screenshot.</strong></li><li>Select the area or the entire page and a screenshot will be downloaded.</li></ul>
<p>Let me show you how you do it:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Take-screenshots-in-Google-chrome-without-any-extension-2-.gif" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1049" height="621" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Take-screenshots-in-Google-chrome-without-any-extension-2-.gif 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Take-screenshots-in-Google-chrome-without-any-extension-2-.gif 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Take-screenshots-in-Google-chrome-without-any-extension-2-.gif 1049w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>That&apos;s pretty much all you get with Chrome.</p>
<h2 id="how-to-take-screenshots-using-an-extension">How to take screenshots using an extension</h2>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-yellow"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x270B;</div><div class="kg-callout-text"><b><strong>Non-FOSS Warning!</strong></b> The Nimbus extension discussed here is not open source.</div></div>
<p>If you want more features like adding a delay, watermark, or notations, then you have to use an extension.</p>
<p>And for that purpose, I would recommend using Nimbus which lets you do almost everything that any locally installed screenshot tool lets you do. </p>
<p>Download Nimbus for Firefox:</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-button-card kg-align-center"><a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/nimbus-screenshot/?utm_source=addons.mozilla.org&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=search" class="kg-btn kg-btn-accent">Nimbus for Firefox</a></div>
<p>Download Nimbus for Chrome:</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-button-card kg-align-center"><a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/nimbus-screenshot-screen/bpconcjcammlapcogcnnelfmaeghhagj?ref=itsfoss.com" class="kg-btn kg-btn-accent">Nimbus for Chrome</a></div>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-blue"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4CB;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">Only the Chrome extension of Nimbus has a feature for video recording.</div></div>
<p>Once you&apos;re done with the installation, <strong>make sure to sign-up for Nimbus to enable all the features.</strong></p>
<p> Click on the Nimbus extension logo and you&apos;d see multiple options:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Use-nimbus-extension-to-take-full-screen-screenshots-in-chrome-and-firefox.png" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1100" height="674" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Use-nimbus-extension-to-take-full-screen-screenshots-in-chrome-and-firefox.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Use-nimbus-extension-to-take-full-screen-screenshots-in-chrome-and-firefox.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Use-nimbus-extension-to-take-full-screen-screenshots-in-chrome-and-firefox.png 1100w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>You can choose any of the shown features and once done, based on the action after the capture (mine is an edit) it will download the screenshot directly, open the editor or send it to any of the selected cloud providers.</p>
<p>If you too went with the <code>Edit</code> as an action after capture, then it will open an editor where you can make nominal edits to the screenshot you&apos;ve captured:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Edit-screenshots-captured-in-Firefox-and-Chrome.png" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1100" height="674" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Edit-screenshots-captured-in-Firefox-and-Chrome.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Edit-screenshots-captured-in-Firefox-and-Chrome.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Edit-screenshots-captured-in-Firefox-and-Chrome.png 1100w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>And if you want to add a watermark, know/change shortcuts, change the format of screenshots, and more, then open the Nimbus and hit the little gear button:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Additional-settings-of-Nimbus.png" class="kg-image" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome" loading="lazy" width="1674" height="1160" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/Additional-settings-of-Nimbus.png 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1000/2023/08/Additional-settings-of-Nimbus.png 1000w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1600/2023/08/Additional-settings-of-Nimbus.png 1600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/Additional-settings-of-Nimbus.png 1674w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Pretty cool features being just an extension. Isn&apos;t it?</p>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-green"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F4A1;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">You may want to pin the Nimbus extension to the taskbar if you take screenshots frequently</div></div>
<h2 id="want-more-features-checkout-screenshot-tools">Want more features? Checkout screenshot tools </h2>
<p>If you don&apos;t want to be bound by the extension features, you have to try screenshot tools with more features that can be used anywhere across the system.</p>
<p>If you&apos;re a Linux user, then we have a dedicated guide on the <a href="https://itsfoss.com/take-screenshot-linux/">best tools for taking and editing screenshots for Linux</a>:</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://itsfoss.com/take-screenshot-linux/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Best Tools For Taking and Editing Screenshots in Linux</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Here are several ways you can take screenshots and edit the screenshots by adding text, arrows etc. Instructions and mentioned screenshot tools are valid for Ubuntu and other major Linux distributions.</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome"><span class="kg-bookmark-author">Ankush Das</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">It&apos;s FOSS</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/09/Taking-Screenshots-in-Linux.png" alt="Easily Take Full Webpage Screenshots in Firefox and Chrome"></div></a></figure>
<p>I hope you liked this quick Firefox trick. Keep visiting It&apos;s FOSS for more such learnings.</p>


link: https://itsfoss.com/bash-function/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHNmb3NzLmNvbS9mZWVk
read: False
type: Rss
title: Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash
description: Learn all about functions in the final chapter of the Bash Basics series.
categories: Bash Basics
content:
<img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/bash-functions.png" alt="Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash"><p>Most programming languages support the concept of functions.</p>
<p>Functions help you avoid writing the same piece of code again and again in the same program. You write the code once as function and then use this function where you need the specific code piece.</p>
<p>In the last chapter of the Bash Basics series, you&apos;ll learn about using functions in bash scripts.</p>
<h2 id="functions-in-bash">Functions in bash</h2>
<p>Here&apos;s the generic syntax for declaring a bash function:</p>
<pre><code>function_name() {
  commands
}</code></pre>
<p>The commands inside the function will only be executed if you &apos;call the function&apos; in the script.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s a dummy code to demonstrate that:</p>
<pre><code>function_name() {
  commands
}

some_other_commands

#FUNCTION CALL
function_name argument;
</code></pre>
<div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-red"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">&#x1F6A7;</div><div class="kg-callout-text">The function definition must come before you call the function.</div></div>
<p>Let&apos;s see this with a simple example:</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

fun() {
	echo &quot;This is a function&quot;
}

echo &quot;This is a script&quot;
fun</code></pre>
<p>When you run the script, you should see an output like this:</p>
<pre><code>This is a script
This is a function</code></pre>
<p>The function is called without any arguments. Let&apos;s see about handling arguments with functions in bash.</p>
<h2 id="passing-arguments-to-functions">Passing arguments to functions</h2>
<p>Passing arguments to functions is the same as passing arguments to bash scripts. You mention the arguments with the function name when you call the function.</p>
<pre><code>function_name argument;</code></pre>
<p>Let&apos;s see this with an example:</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

sum() {
	sum=$(($1+$2))
	echo &quot;The sum of $1 and $2 is: $sum&quot;
}

echo &quot;Let&apos;s use the sum function&quot;
sum 1 5</code></pre>
<p>If you run the script, you&apos;ll see the following output:</p>
<pre><code>Let&apos;s use the sum function
The sum of 1 and 5 is: 6</code></pre>
<p>Keep in mind that the argument passed to the scripts are not the same as arguments passed to the function.</p>
<p>In the example below, I have interchanged the arguments while calling the function.</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

arg() {
	echo &quot;1st argument to function is $1 and 2nd is $2&quot;
}

echo &quot;1st argument to script is $1 and 2nd is $2&quot;
arg $2 $1</code></pre>
<p>And when you run the script, you&apos;ll see the interchange:</p>
<pre><code>abhishek@itsfoss:~/bash_scripts$ ./function.sh abhi shek
1st argument to script is abhi and 2nd is shek
1st argument to function is shek and 2nd is abhi</code></pre>
<h2 id="recursive-function-in-bash">Recursive function in bash</h2>
<p>A recursive function calls itself. That&apos;s what recursion is. This meme may help you understand it.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/recursion-meme.webp" class="kg-image" alt="Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash" loading="lazy" width="720" height="689" srcset="https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w600/2023/08/recursion-meme.webp 600w, https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/08/recursion-meme.webp 720w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>
<p>Now, the recursive functionality is quite powerful and could help you write complicated programs.</p>
<p>Let&apos;s see it in action with a sample script that computes the factorial of a number. In case you don&apos;t remember, the factorial is defined like this.</p>
<pre><code>factorial of n (n!) = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 *...  * n
</code></pre>
<p>So, factorial of 5 is 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 which computes to 120.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s my script for computing the factorial of a given number using recursion.</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

factorial() {
	
	if [ $1 -gt 1 ]; then
		echo $(( $1 * $(factorial $(( $1 -1 ))) ))
	else
		echo 1
	fi
	
}

echo -n &quot;Factorial of $1 is: &quot;
factorial $1</code></pre>
<p>Pay attention to <code>echo $(( $1 * $(factorial $(( $1 -1 ))) ))</code>. The code is calling the function itself with 1 value less. The process goes in until the value equals 1. So if you run the script with argument 5, it will eventually result in 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 *1.</p>
<pre><code>abhishek@itsfoss:~/bash_scripts$ ./factorial.sh 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120
</code></pre>
<p>That&apos;s nice. How about some practice?</p>
<h2 id="%F0%9F%8F%8B%EF%B8%8F-exercise-time">&#x1F3CB;&#xFE0F; Exercise time</h2>
<p>Here are some sample scripting challenges to practice your learning.</p>
<p>Exercise 1: Write a bash script that uses a function called is_even to check whether the given number is even or not.</p>
<p>Exercise 2: A similar exercise where you have to write a script that has a function is_prime and it check whether the given number is prime or not. If you didn&apos;t know already, a prime number is only divisible by 1 and the number itself. </p>
<p>Exercise 3: Write a script that generates the Fibonacci sequence of the given number. The sequence starts at 1 and the script must accept numbers greater than 3.</p>
<p>So, if you do <code>fibonacci.sh 5</code>, it should generate 1 1 2 3 5.</p>
<p>And that&apos;s it, folks! This is the end of the Bash Basics Series. Of course, this is just the tip of the iceberg; there is much more to bash scripting than what you learned here.</p>
<p>But you should have a decent idea about bash shell by now. You should be able to understand most bash scripts and write simple, if not complicated ones.</p>
<p>If you want to dive deeper, nothing is better than the GNU Bash Manual.</p>
<figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/?ref=itsfoss.com"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">GNU Bash manual - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description"></div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://www.gnu.org/graphics/gnu-head-mini.png" alt="Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash"><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">Free Software Foundation</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://www.gnu.org/graphics/heckert_gnu.transp.small.png" alt="Bash Basics Series #9: Functions in Bash"></div></a></figure>
<p><em>&#x1F5E8; I hope you liked this Bash Basics Series. We are creating more tutorial series to give you a more streamlined learning experience. Please provide your feedback and help us help others with Linux.</em></p>


encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Contribute at the Test Week for the Anaconda WebUI Installer for Fedora Workstation
categories: Events|Fedora Project community|GNOME|testday|testing
link:
https://fedoramagazine.org/contribute-at-the-test-week-for-the-anaconda-webui-installer-for-fedora-workstation/

description:
The Workstation team is working on the final integration of Anaconda WebUI Installer for Fedora Linux Workstation. As a result, the Fedora Workstation Working Group and QA teams have organized a test week from Monday, Aug 28, 2023 to Monday, Sept 04, 2023. The wiki page in this article contains links to the test images [&#8230;]

content:
<p>The Workstation team is working on the final integration of <a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/anaconda-web-ui-storage-feedback-requested/">Anaconda WebUI Installer</a> for Fedora Linux Workstation. As a result, the Fedora Workstation Working Group and QA teams have organized a test week from Monday, Aug 28, 2023 to Monday, Sept 04, 2023. The wiki page in this article contains links to the test images you’ll need to participate. Please continue reading for details.</p>



<span id="more-38780"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How does a test week work?</strong></h2>



<p>A test week is an event where anyone can help ensure changes in Fedora Linux work well in an upcoming release. Fedora community members often participate, and the public is welcome at these events. If you’ve never contributed before, this is a perfect way to get started.</p>



<p>To contribute, you only need to be able to do the following things:</p>



<ul>
<li>Download test materials, which include some large files</li>



<li>Read and follow directions step by step</li>
</ul>



<p>The&nbsp;<a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2023-08-28_Anaconda_Web_UI">wiki page</a>&nbsp;for the Anaconda WebUI test week has a lot of good information on what and how to test. After you’ve done some testing, you can log your results in the <a href="https://testdays.fedoraproject.org/events/165" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test day&nbsp;web application</a>. If you’re available on or around the days of the event, please do some testing and report your results. We have <a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/kernel/howto-kernel-testday/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a document which provides&nbsp;all the necessary steps</a>.</p>

comments_url:
https://fedoramagazine.org/contribute-at-the-test-week-for-the-anaconda-webui-installer-for-fedora-workstation/feed/


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/docs-workshop-virtually-writing-together/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Docs workshop: Virtually writing together
categories: Fedora Project community|collaboration|Documentation|mentoring
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/docs-workshop-virtually-writing-together/feed/
description:
The Docs team is pleased to announce a workshop will begin September 2023. Attend and find out how you can help improve Fedora Documentation!

content:
<p>At the Fedora Linux 38 release party, the Docs team suggested that we take advantage of a virtual meetup to bring teamwork into documentation writing. Documentation writing shouldn’t be a solitary pursuit.  </p>



<p>An interactive session at <a href="https://pboy.fedorapeople.org/Flock2023-Docs-talk.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flock 2023</a> helped exchange ideas on a collaborative way to run meetings and invite more contributions for documentation. </p>



<p>After months of waiting for ideas to be finalized, the Docs team is pleased to announce the workshop will begin September 2023.</p>



<p>If you fancy coming along, just let us know your preferred timeslot in the <strong><a href="https://whenisgood.net/qrnxqwp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">When-is-good scheduler</a> by September 15 2023</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">But why and how?</h3>



<p>The idea behind a virtual writing session is to combine the power of the Fedora Podcast with advocacy of writing and maintaining excellent user documentation. Here is why.</p>



<ul>
<li>Documentation in any free and open source software project provides reasons for users and contributors to stay loyal to the project and software.</li>



<li>The Docs workshop aims to facilitate individual and collaborative work through a supportive community of documentarians.</li>



<li>Documentation is more than a fix of visual presentation. We&#8217;re writing, reviewing, and deploying docs.</li>



<li>In accordance with the Fedora project motto &#8220;First&#8221;, we like to try new things in toolset, automation, and UI improvement.</li>
</ul>



<p>Building on feedback from each session, the Docs team wants to empower people to learn about templates, issue tickets, review processes, and tool chains to improve documentation for Fedora Linux users and contributors.</p>



<span id="more-38668"></span>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Program agenda</h3>



<p>A monthly agenda will be posted in <a href="https://calendar.fedoraproject.org/docs/">Fedocal</a> and Fosstodon (@fedora@fosstodon.org).</p>



<p><strong>Track 1: Introduction and onboarding (odd months)<br /></strong>&#8211; What the Docs team is all about. What role will interest you?<br />&#8211; The types of user documentation Fedora Linux publishes<br />&#8211; How you can help improve Fedora Documentation.</p>



<p><strong>Track 2: Skill-based workshop (even months)<br /></strong>&#8211; Technical review, Git workshop, AsciiDoc template and attributes<br />&#8211; Use of local build and preview script<br />&#8211; Test documentation quality</p>



<p>Format of Track 2<br />&#8211; Demo<br />&#8211; Try it yourself<br />&#8211; Q&amp;A</p>



<p>If you come along to the Track 2 workshop, all you need is a <a href="https://accounts.fedoraproject.org/">Fedora account</a> and <a href="https://pagure.io/">Pagure account</a> with your computer, preferably with Git and Podman (or Docker) installed.</p>



<p>In the meantime, if you have questions, feel free to drop by our <a href="https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/write-together-virtually/82564" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Discussion</a> forum. I&#8217;m looking forward to saying hello at our first virtual docs workshop someday in late September (the exact date depends on the when-is-good responses)! Let&#8217;s do it!</p>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/transflac-convert-flac-to-lossy-formats/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: TransFLAC: Convert FLAC to lossy formats
categories: FAQs and Guides|AAC|FLAC|mp3|OGG|Vorbis
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/transflac-convert-flac-to-lossy-formats/feed/
description:
TransFLAC is a command-line application that will convert FLAC audio files to lossy formats at a specified quality level.

content:
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>FLAC: The Lossless Audio Compression Format</strong></h2>



<p><a href="https://xiph.org/flac/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">FLAC</a>, or Free Lossless Audio Codec, is a lossless audio compression format that preserves all the original audio data. This means that FLAC files can be decoded to an identical copy of the original audio file, without any loss in quality. However, lossless compression typically results in larger file sizes than lossy compression, which is why a method to convert FLAC to lossy formats is desirable.  This is where TransFLAC can help.</p>



<span id="more-38681"></span>



<p>FLAC is a popular format for archiving digital audio files, as well as for storing music collections on home computers. It is also becoming increasingly common for music streaming services to offer FLAC as an option for high-quality audio.</p>



<p>For portable devices, where storage space is limited, lossy audio formats such as MP3, AAC, and OGG Vorbis are often used. These formats can achieve much smaller file sizes than lossless formats, while still providing good sound quality.</p>



<p>In general, FLAC is a good choice for applications where lossless audio quality is important, such as archiving, mastering, and critical listening. Lossy formats are a good choice for applications where file size is more important, such as storing music on portable devices or streaming music over the internet.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">TransFLAC: Convert FLAC to lossy formats</h2>



<p><a href="https://bitbucket.org/gbcox/transflac/wiki/Home">TransFLAC</a> is a command-line application that converts FLAC audio files to a lossy format at a specified quality level. It can keep both the FLAC and lossy libraries synchronized, either partially or fully. TransFLAC also synchronizes album art stored in the directory structure, such as cover, albumart, and folder files. You can run TransFLAC interactively in a terminal window, or you can schedule it to run automatically using applications such as cron or systemd.</p>



<p>The following four parameters must be specified:</p>



<ol>
<li><strong>Input FLAC Directory</strong>: The directory to recursively search for FLAC audio files. The case of the directory name matters. TransFLAC will convert all FLAC audio files in the directory tree to the specified lossy codec format. The program will resolve any symlinks encountered and display the physical path.</li>



<li><strong>Output Lossy Directory:</strong> The directory to store the lossy audio files. The case of the directory name matters. The program will resolve any symlinks encountered and display the physical path.</li>



<li><strong>Lossy Codec:</strong> The codec used to convert the FLAC audio files. The case of the codec name does not matter. OPUS generally provides the best sound quality for a given file size or bitrate, and is the recommended codec.<br />Valid values are: <a href="https://opus-codec.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OPUS</a> | <a href="https://xiph.org/vorbis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OGG</a> | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AAC</a> | <a href="https://lame.sourceforge.io/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MP3</a></li>



<li><strong>Codec Quality:</strong> The quality preset used to encode the lossy audio files. The case of the quality name does not matter. <strong>OPUS STANDARD</strong> quality provides full bandwidth, stereo music, good audio quality approaching transparency, and is the recommended setting.<br />Valid values are: LOW | MEDIUM | STANDARD | HIGH | PREMIUM</li>
</ol>



<p><strong>TransFLAC</strong> allows for <a href="https://bitbucket.org/gbcox/transflac/wiki/src-tf-conf-override.sh" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">customization</a> of certain items in the configuration.  The project <a href="https://bitbucket.org/gbcox/transflac/wiki/TransFLAC">wiki</a> provides additional information.</p>



<p><strong>Installation</strong> on <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fedora Linux</a>:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">$ sudo dnf install transflac</pre>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="528" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/transflac_demo-2.svg" alt="TransFLAC Convert FLAC to lossy formats" class="wp-image-38713"/></figure>


encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Using Cockpit to graphically manage systems, without installing Cockpit on them!
categories: Fedora Project community
link:
https://fedoramagazine.org/using-cockpit-to-graphically-manage-systems-without-installing-cockpit-on-them/

description:
It probably sounds too good to be true: the ability to manage remote systems using an easy to use, intuitive graphical interface – without the need to install extra software on the remote systems, enable additional services, or make any other changes on the remote systems. This functionality, however, is now available with a combination [&#8230;]

content:
<p>It probably sounds too good to be true: the ability to manage remote systems using an easy to use, intuitive graphical interface – without the need to install extra software on the remote systems, enable additional services, or make any other changes on the remote systems. This functionality, however, is now available with a combination of the recently introduced Python bridge for Cockpit and the Cockpit Client Flatpak! This allows Cockpit to manage remote systems, assuming only SSH access and that Python is installed on the remote host. Read on for more information on how this works and how to get started.</p>



<span id="more-38635"></span>



<p>If you are not familiar with Cockpit, it is described on the <a href="https://cockpit-project.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">project’s web site</a> as a web-based graphical interface for servers. Cockpit is intended for everyone, especially those who are:</p>



<ul>
<li><strong>new to Linux </strong>(including Windows admins)</li>



<li><strong>familiar with Linux </strong>and want an easy, graphical way to administer servers</li>



<li><strong>expert admins</strong> who mainly use other tools but want an overview on individual systems</li>
</ul>



<p>You can easily and intuitively complete a variety of tasks from Cockpit. These including tasks such as:</p>



<ul>
<li> expanding the size of a filesystem</li>



<li>creating a network bond</li>



<li>modifying the firewall</li>



<li>viewing log entries</li>



<li>viewing real time and historical performance information</li>



<li>managing Podman containers</li>



<li>managing KVM virtual machines</li>
</ul>



<p>and many additional tasks.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Objections to using Cockpit on systems</h2>



<p>In the past, I’ve heard two main objections to using Cockpit on systems:</p>



<ol>
<li>I don’t want to run the Cockpit web server on my systems. Additional network services like this increase the attack surface. I don’t want to open another port in the firewall. I don’t want more HTTPS certificates in my environment to manage and maintain.</li>



<li>I don’t want to install additional packages on my systems.  I don’t even have access to install additional packages). The more packages installed, the larger my footprint is, and the more attack surface there is. For me to install additional packages in a production environment, I have to go through a change management process, etc. What a hassle!</li>
</ol>



<p>Let&#8217;s address these one at a time. For the first concern, you have actually had several options for connecting to Cockpit over SSH, without running the Cockpit web server, for quite some time. These options include:</p>



<ul>
<li>The ability to set up a bastion host, which is a host that has the Cockpit web server running on it.&nbsp; You can then connect to Cockpit on the bastion host using a web browser.&nbsp; From the Cockpit login screen on the bastion host you can use the <em>Connect to</em><strong> </strong>option to specify an alternate host to login to (refer to the <em>LoginTo</em> cockpit.conf configuration option).&nbsp; Another option is to authenticate to Cockpit on the bastion host, and use the <em>Add new host</em> option.&nbsp; In either case, the bastion Cockpit host will connect to these additional remote hosts over SSH (so only the bastion host in your environment needs to be running the Cockpit web server).</li>



<li>You can use the Cockpit integration available with the upstream <a href="https://theforeman.org/plugins/foreman_remote_execution/1.7/index.html#3.6Cockpitintegration" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foreman</a>, or downstream <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_satellite/6.13/html-single/managing_hosts/index#Host_Management_and_Monitoring_Using_Cockpit_managing-hosts" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Red Hat Satellite</a>, to connect to Cockpit on systems in your environment over SSH.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>



<li>You can use the <a href="https://flathub.org/apps/org.cockpit_project.CockpitClient" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cockpit Client Flatpak</a>, which will connect to systems over SSH.</li>



<li>You can use the <a href="https://quay.io/repository/cockpit/ws" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cockpit/ws</a> container image. This is a containerized version of the Cockpit web server that acts as a containerized bastion host</li>
</ul>



<p>For more information on these options, refer to the<a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/connecting-rhel-web-console-part-1-ssh-access-methods" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Connecting to the RHEL web console, part 1: SSH access methods</a> blog post. This blog post focuses on the downstream RHEL web console, however, the information also applies to the upstream Cockpit available in Fedora. </p>



<p>This brings me to the second concern, and the main focus of this article. This is  the concern that I don’t want to install additional packages on the remote systems I am managing.  While there are several options for using the web console without the Cockpit web server, all of these options previously had a prerequisite that the remote systems needed to have at least the <em>cockpit-system</em> package installed.  For example, previously if you tried to use the Cockpit Client Flatpak to connect to a remote system that didn’t have Cockpit installed, you’d see an error message stating that the remote system doesn’t have <em>cockpit-bridge</em> installed. </p>



<p>The Cockpit team has replaced the previous Cockpit bridge (implemented using C) with a new bridge written in Python.  For a technical overview of the function of the Cockpit bridge, and how the new Python bridge was implemented, refer to the recent <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAVUG6E0Xd4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Monty Python’s Flying Cockpit</a> DevConf presentation by Allison Karlitskaya and Martin Pitt. </p>



<p>This new Python bridge overcomes the previous limitation requiring Cockpit to be installed on the remote hosts.  </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Using the Cockpit Client Flatpak</h2>



<p>With the Cockpit Client Flatpak application installed on a workstation, we can connect to remote systems over SSH and manage them using Cockpit.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Installation</h3>



<p>In the following example, I’m using a Fedora 38 workstation.  Install the Cockpit Client Flatpak by simply opening the GNOME Software application and searching for Cockpit. Note that you’ll need to have Flathub enabled in GNOME Software.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1.png"><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" width="1024" height="748" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-1024x748.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38636" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-1024x748.png 1024w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-300x219.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-768x561.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-816x596.png 816w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1.png 1090w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Using the Cockpit Client</h3>



<p>Once installed, you’ll see the following when opening the Cockpit Client:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2.png"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="570" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2-1024x570.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38637" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2-1024x570.png 1024w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2-300x167.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2-768x427.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2-816x454.png 816w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2.png 1048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<p>You can type in a hostname or IP address that you would like to connect to. To authenticate as a user other than the user you are currently using, you can use the user@hostname syntax. A list of recent hosts that you’ve connected to will appear, if this is not the first time using the Cockpit Client.  In that case, you can simply click on a host name to reconnect</p>



<p>If you have SSH key based authentication setup, you’ll be logged in to the remote host using the key based authentication. With out SSH keys setup, you’ll be prompted to authenticate with a password. In either case, if it is your first time connecting to the host over SSH, you’ll be prompted to accept the host key fingerprint.</p>



<p>As a special case, you can log into your currently running local session by connecting to <em>localhost</em>, without authentication.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Once connected, you’ll see the Cockpit Overview page:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3.png"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="661" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-1024x661.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38638" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-1024x661.png 1024w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-300x194.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-768x495.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-816x526.png 816w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3.png 1268w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cockpit overivew menu</figcaption></figure>



<p>Select the <em>Terminal </em> menu item in Cockpit to show that the remote system that I’m logged in to does not have any Cockpit packages installed:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="936" height="283" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38639" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4.png 936w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4-300x91.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4-768x232.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4-816x247.png 816w" sizes="(max-width: 936px) 100vw, 936px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cockpit  Terminal view</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Prerequisites for connecting to systems with Cockpit Client</h2>



<p>There are several prerequisites for utilizing Cockpit Client to connect to a remote system. If you are familiar with managing remote hosts with Ansible, you’ll likely already be familiar with the prerequisites. They are the same:</p>



<ol>
<li>You must have connectivity to the remote system over SSH.</li>



<li>You must have a valid user account on the remote system that you can authenticate with.</li>



<li>If you need the ability to complete privileged operations in Cockpit, the user account on the remote system will need sudo privileges.</li>
</ol>



<p>If you are connecting to a remote system that doesn’t have Cockpit installed, there are a couple of additional prerequisites:</p>



<ol>
<li>Python 3.6 or later must be installed on the remote host. This is not usually an issue, with some exceptions, such as Fedora CoreOS which does not include Python by default.</li>



<li>An older version of Cockpit Client can not be used to connect to a newer operating system version. For example, if  I installed Cockpit Client on my Fedora 38 workstation today and never updated it, it may not work properly to manage a Fedora 39 or Fedora 40 server in the future.</li>
</ol>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Frequently asked questions</h2>



<p>Here are some frequently asked questions about this functionality:</p>



<p><strong>Question:</strong> Cockpit is extendable via additional Applications.&nbsp; Which Cockpit applications are available if I use the Cockpit Client to connect to a remote system that doesn’t have Cockpit installed?</p>



<p><strong>Answer</strong>: Currently, Cockpit Client includes </p>



<ul>
<li><em>cockpit-machines </em>(virtual machine management) </li>



<li><em>cockpit-podman</em> (Podman container management) </li>



<li><em>cockpit-ostree </em>(used to manage rpm-ostree based systems)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-storaged </em>(storage management)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-sosreport</em> (for generating diagnostic reports)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-selinux</em><strong> </strong>(for managing SELinux)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-packagekit</em> (for managing software updates)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-networkmanager</em><strong> </strong>(network management)</li>



<li><em>cockpit-kdump</em> (kernel dump configuration)  </li>
</ul>



<p>The Cockpit team is looking for feedback on what Cockpit applications you’d like to see included in the Cockpit Client. Post a comment below with your feedback. </p>



<p><strong>Question</strong>:&nbsp; I connected to a remote system that doesn’t have Cockpit installed, but I don’t see Virtual Machines or one of the other applications listed in the menu.&nbsp; I thought you just said these were included in the Cockpit Client Flatpak?</p>



<p><strong>Answer</strong>:  When you login to a remote system that doesn’t have Cockpit packages installed, you’ll only see the menu options for underlying functionality available on the remote system.  For example, you’ll only see Virtual Machines in the Cockpit menu if the remote host has the <em>libvirt-dbus</em> package installed. </p>



<p><strong>Question</strong>: Can Cockpit applications available in the Cockpit Client be used with locally installed Cockpit applications on the remote host?  In other words, if I need a Cockpit application not included in the Cockpit Client, can I install just that single package on the remote host?  </p>



<p><strong>Answer</strong>:  No, you cannot mix and match applications included in the Cockpit Client flatpak and those installed locally on the remote host.  For a remote host that has the<strong><em> </em></strong><em>cockpit-bridge</em> package installed, Cockpit Client will exclusively use the applications that are installed locally on the remote host.  If the remote host does not have the <em>cockpit-bridge</em> package installed, Cockpit Client will exclusively use the applications bundled in the Cockpit Client Flatpak.  </p>



<p><strong>Question</strong>:&nbsp; Can I use Cockpit Client to connect to the local host?</p>



<p><strong>Answer</strong>: Yes!  Simply open Cockpit Client and type in <em>localhost</em> and you’ll be able to manage the local host.  You don’t need to have any Cockpit packages installed on the local host if you use this method. You only need the Cockpit Client Flatpak.  </p>



<p><strong>Question:&nbsp; </strong>What Linux distributions can I connect to using the Cockpit Client?</p>



<p><strong>Answer:  </strong>Cockpit is compatible with a number of different Linux distributions.  For more information, see the <a href="https://cockpit-project.org/running.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Running Cockpi</a>t page.  If connecting to a remote system that doesn’t have Cockpit installed, keep in mind the previously mentioned requirements regarding not connecting to newer OS’s from an older Cockpit Client.  </p>



<p><strong>Question</strong>:&nbsp; Does the Cockpit team have any future plans regarding this functionality?&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Answer:  </strong>The Cockpit team is planning on adding the ability to connect to remote hosts without Cockpit packages installed to the <a href="https://quay.io/repository/cockpit/ws" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cockpit-ws container image</a>. See <a href="https://issues.redhat.com/browse/COCKPIT-954" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">COCKPIT-954</a> ticket for more info.  </p>



<p>Have more questions not covered here? Ask them in the comments section below!</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Conclusion</h2>



<p>The new Python bridge, and the corresponding ability to use the Cockpit Client to connect to remote systems without installing Cockpit, makes it incredibly easy to use Cockpit in almost any circumstance.</p>



<p>Try this out! It&#8217;s easy to do. Simply install the Cockpit Client Flatpak, and use it to connect to either your localhost or a remote system. Once you’ve tried it, let us know what you think in the comments below.</p>

comments_url:
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link: https://fedoramagazine.org/contribute-at-the-dnf-5-gnome-45-and-i18n-test-days/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Contribute during the DNF5, GNOME 45, and i18n test days
categories: Fedora Project community
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/contribute-at-the-dnf-5-gnome-45-and-i18n-test-days/feed/
description:
Fedora test days are events where anyone can help make sure changes in Fedora Linux work well in an upcoming release. Fedora community members often participate, and the public is welcome at these events. If you’ve never contributed to Fedora Linux before, this is a perfect way to get started. There are four test periods [&#8230;]

content:
<p>Fedora test days are events where anyone can help make sure changes in Fedora Linux work well in an upcoming release. Fedora community members often participate, and the public is welcome at these events. If you’ve never contributed to Fedora Linux before, this is a perfect way to get started.</p>



<p>There are four test periods in the upcoming weeks:</p>



<ul>
<li><strong>Friday 11 August through Thursday 17 August </strong>, is to test <strong>DNF5</strong>.</li>



<li><strong>Monday 14 August through Sunday 20 August</strong>, two test day periods focusing on testing <strong>GNOME Desktop </strong>and<strong> Core Apps</strong>.</li>



<li><strong>Tuesday 5 September through Monday 11 September</strong>, is to test <strong>i18n</strong>.</li>
</ul>



<p>Come and test with us to make the upcoming Fedora Linux 39 release even better. Read more below about how to do it.</p>



<span id="more-38652"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">DNF5</h2>



<p>Since the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/MajorUpgradeOfMicrodnf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brand new dnf5 package</a> has landed in rawhide, we would like to organize a test week to get some initial feedback on it before it becomes the default. We will be testing DNF5 to iron out any rough edges.</p>



<p>The test week will be <strong>Friday 11 August through Thursday 17 August</strong>. The test week page is available <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2023-08-11_Fedora_39_DNF_5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a> .</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">GNOME 45 test week</h2>



<p>GNOME 45 has landed and will be part of the change for Fedora Linux 39.  Since GNOME is the default desktop environment for Fedora Workstation, and thus for many Fedora users, this interface and environment merits a lot of testing. The Workstation Working Group and Fedora Quality team have decided to split the test week into two parts:</p>



<p><strong>Monday 14 August through Thursday 17 August</strong>, we will be testing GNOME Desktop and Core Apps. You can find the test day page <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2023-08-14_Fedora_39_GNOME_45_Desktop_and_Core_Apps" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Friday 18 August through Sunday 20 August</strong>, the focus will be to test GNOME Apps in general. This will be shipped by default. The test day page is <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2023-08-18_Fedora_39_GNOME_45_Apps" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">i18n test week</h2>



<p>The i18n test week focuses on testing internationalization features in Fedora Linux.</p>



<p>The test week is <strong>Tuesday 5 September through Monday 11 September.</strong> The test week page is available <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2023-09-05_I18N_Test_Day" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">How do test days work?</h2>



<p>A test day is an event where anyone can help make sure changes in Fedora Linux work well in an upcoming release. Fedora community members often participate, and the public is welcome at these events. If you’ve never contributed before, this is a perfect way to get started.</p>



<p>To contribute, you only need to be able to download test materials (which include some large files) and then read and follow directions step by step.</p>



<p>Detailed information about all the test days is available on the wiki pages mentioned above. If you’re available on or around the days of the events, please do some testing and report your results. All the test day pages receive some final touches which complete about 24 hrs before the test day begins. We urge you to be patient about resources that are, in most cases, uploaded hours before the test day starts.</p>



<p>Come and test with us to make the upcoming Fedora Linux 39 even better.</p>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-linux-flatpak-cool-apps-to-try-for-august/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Fedora Linux Flatpak cool apps to try for August
categories: Fedora Project community|Using Software|Fedora|Flatpak|software
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-linux-flatpak-cool-apps-to-try-for-august/feed/
description:
This article introduces projects available in Flathub with installation instructions. Flathub&#160;is the place to get and distribute apps for all of Linux. It is powered by Flatpak, allowing Flathub apps to run on almost any Linux distribution. Please read &#8220;Getting started with Flatpak&#8220;. In order to enable flathub as your flatpak provider, use the instructions [&#8230;]

content:
<p>This article introduces projects available in Flathub with installation instructions.</p>



<p><a href="https://flathub.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flathub</a>&nbsp;is the place to get and distribute apps for all of Linux. It is powered by Flatpak, allowing Flathub apps to run on almost any Linux distribution.</p>



<p>Please read &#8220;<a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-flatpak/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Getting started with Flatpak</a>&#8220;. In order to enable flathub as your flatpak provider, use the instructions on the <a href="https://flatpak.org/setup/Fedora" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flatpak site</a>.</p>



<span id="more-38265"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Authenticator</h2>



<p><a href="https://flathub.org/apps/com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Authenticator</a> is a simple app that allows you to generate Two-Factor authentication codes. It has a very simple and elegant interface with support for a a lot of algorithms and methods. Some of its features are:</p>



<ul>
<li>Time-based/Counter-based/Steam methods support</li>



<li>SHA-1/SHA-256/SHA-512 algorithms support</li>



<li>QR code scanner using a camera or from a screenshot</li>



<li>Lock the application with a password</li>



<li>Backup/Restore from/into known applications like FreeOTP+, Aegis (encrypted / plain-text), andOTP, Google Authenticator</li>
</ul>



<p>You can install &#8220;Authenticator&#8221; by clicking the install button on the site or manually using this command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">flatpak install flathub com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator</pre>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Secrets</h2>



<p><a href="https://flathub.org/apps/org.gnome.World.Secrets" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Secrets</a> is a password manager that integrates with GNOME. It&#8217;s easy to use and uses the KeyPass file format. Some of its features are:</p>



<ul>
<li>Supported Encryption Algorithms:
<ul>
<li>AES 256-bit</li>



<li>Twofish 256-bit</li>



<li>ChaCha20 256-bit</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Supported Derivation algorithms:
<ul>
<li>Argon2 KDBX4</li>



<li>Argon2id KDBX4</li>



<li>AES-KDF KDBX 3.1</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Create or import KeePass safes</li>



<li>Add attachments to your encrypted database</li>



<li>Generate cryptographically strong passwords</li>



<li>Quickly search your favorite entries</li>



<li>Automatic database lock during inactivity</li>



<li>Support for two-factor authentication</li>
</ul>



<p>You can install &#8220;Secrets&#8221; by clicking the install button on the site or manually using this command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">flatpak install flathub org.gnome.World.Secrets</pre>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Flatsweep</h2>



<p><a href="https://flathub.org/apps/io.github.giantpinkrobots.flatsweep" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flatsweep</a> is a simple app to remove residual files after a flatpak is unistalled. It uses GTK4 and Libadwaita to provide a coherent user interface that integrates nicely with GNOME, but you can use it on any desktop environment.</p>



<p>You can install &#8220;Flatsweep&#8221; by clicking the install button on the site or manually using this command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">flatpak install flathub io.github.giantpinkrobots.flatsweep</pre>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Solanum</h2>



<p>Solanum is a time tracking app that uses the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pomodoro technique</a>. It uses GTK4 and it&#8217;s interface integrates nicely with GNOME.</p>



<p>You can install &#8220;Solanum&#8221; by clicking the install button on the site or manually using this command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">flatpak install flathub org.gnome.Solanum</pre>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/video-content-creation-with-kdenlive/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Video content creation with Kdenlive
categories: Fedora Project community|Community|free software|kdenlive|peertube|Video Editing
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/video-content-creation-with-kdenlive/feed/
description:
Fedora Linux packages a suite of graphical software for content creators. This article introduces a use case and suggestions for creating tutorial videos with Kdenlive. Plan tutorial A question that you need to address is whether text and images are appropriate to share your knowledge. If you create resources for learners of graphical software, a [&#8230;]

content:
<p>Fedora Linux packages a suite of graphical software for content creators. This article introduces a use case and suggestions for creating tutorial videos with <a href="https://kdenlive.org/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kdenlive.</a></p>



<span id="more-38283"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Plan tutorial</h2>



<p>A question that you need to address is whether text and images are appropriate to share your knowledge. If you create resources for learners of graphical software, a tutorial video is something to consider.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Review abstract and draft script</h3>



<p>An abstract in content writing helps reviewers look for key points of your tutorial. Depending on your workflow, you can submit this abstract to reviewers for comments, questions, or updates. </p>



<p>Once an abstract of the tutorial video is agreed upon by the reviewers, a video script is created and works like a manuscript for your tutorial. Break down process steps into each sequence. Check <a href="https://gitlab.com/fedora/docs/community-tools/documentation-contributors-guide/-/snippets/2503787" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this link</a> for an example.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Screen recording</h2>



<p>Use your preferred recording tool that comes with the desktop environment or enable the &#8216;Screen Grab&#8217; option in <a href="https://kdenlive.org/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kdenlive</a> in the &#8216;View&#8217; menu. Alternatively, you can install <a href="https://obsproject.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OBS Studio</a>.</p>



<p>Kdenlive can process various container formats. You should transcode to a high-quality lossless matroska file (.mkv) that ensures high quality and compression ratio.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Installation</h2>



<p>Kdenlive supports Linux, Mac, Windows and FreeBSD, which encourages collaboration among content creators. If you are Linux users, go to the packager manager of your distro to install Kdenlive. If you use Fedora Linux, we recommend the Fedora Linux  RPM version or Flatpak.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Set up Kdenlive</h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s start with Kdenlive&#8217;s user interface and focus on three sections &#8211; Project bin, Monitors and Timeline.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38579" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2-1024x576.png 1024w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2-300x169.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2-768x432.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2-816x459.png 816w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/project-bin-2.png 1366w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Kdenlive user interface</figcaption></figure></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Project bin</strong></h3>



<p>Load video clips into <em>Project Bin</em> on the upper left. The Project Bin lists all the clips that are associated with your project. You can drag and drop the clips onto Project Bin.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Monitors</strong></h3>



<p><em>Clip Monitor</em> on the left window displays the unedited clip that is currently selected in The Project Bin. If you have loaded multiple takes of the same scene (process steps), you need to know which one you&#8217;re going to choose and edit. If you changed your mind during editing processes, that&#8217;s no problem. You can move around a sequence with timeline and tracks after the initial cut.</p>



<p>The <em>Project Monitor</em> is a place to watch your edited footage.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Timeline</strong></h3>



<p><em>Timeline</em> is a place for all selected clips you edit. Drag and drop the clips directly on to the Timeline from the Project Bin.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Editing processes</h3>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cut and stitch</strong></h4>



<p>Timeline cursor, also known as <em>playhead</em>, indicates the position of clips you are working on and previewing in the Project Monitor.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="981" height="265" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38580" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2.png 981w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2-300x81.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2-768x207.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-2-816x220.png 816w" sizes="(max-width: 981px) 100vw, 981px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Timeline</figcaption></figure></div>


<p></p>



<p>The initial cut means editing on a scene by scene basis until you’re ready to stitch tracks together into a complete piece.</p>



<p>Cut when;<br />&#8211; Delayed, boring or repetitive part was recorded. This happens often when recording a scene for loading apps or waiting for rendering on web browser<br />&#8211; Transition pieces when a scene starts and ends<br />&#8211; Trim off a few frames before you tidy up<br />&#8211; Ensure basic continuity &#8211; let it flow!</p>



<p>In Timeline, video tracks (V2, V1) are cascaded up whereas audio tracks (A1, A2) are cascaded down as default.</p>



<p>Slide up trimmed video track and stitch frames you want to keep. Delete trimmed frames when you&#8217;re sure you don&#8217;t need them.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="978" height="275" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38581" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut.png 978w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut-300x84.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut-768x216.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/timeline-cut-816x229.png 816w" sizes="(max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cut </figcaption></figure></div>


<p></p>



<p>Timeline works like chef&#8217;s chopping board and takes time for new users to get familiar with it. Check the upstream documentation <a href="https://docs.kdenlive.org/en/user_interface/shortcuts.html#timeline" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">on this link</a>.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Text effects with Titles</strong></h4>



<p>Titles are text elements that you can overlay to the timeline. To create Titles, right-click in the The Project Bin and open the Titles window as shown below. Select &#8216;Create Title&#8217; to save it. Drag and drop the Title to the video track 2 in timeline. Check <a href="https://docs.kdenlive.org/en/effects_and_compositions/titles.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this link</a> for more information.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="649" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler-1024x649.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38583" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler-1024x649.png 1024w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler-300x190.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler-768x487.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler-816x517.png 816w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/titler.png 1096w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Titler</figcaption></figure></div>


<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Sound effects</strong></h4>



<p>Ambient music could jazz up your video tutorial for the audience.</p>



<p>Go to top left corner of the Project Bin and select the arrow to list options. Select &#8216;Online Resources&#8217;. At the  top right, &#8216;Service&#8217; drop-down menu, choose &#8216;Freesound&#8217;. Select &#8216;Preview&#8217; to play back and import to download and overlay to A1 audio track.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/sound.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="379" height="448" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/sound.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38584" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/sound.png 379w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/sound-254x300.png 254w" sizes="(max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sound</figcaption></figure></div>


<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Transition and finishing touch</strong></h4>



<p>Text and sounds effects will blend well if tracks have transitions. Check <a href="https://kdenlive.org/en/project/kdenlive-transitions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this link</a> for fine-tuning your final cut video.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Rendering</h4>



<p>In the Render dialogue box (Ctrl + Return) on Project Bin, choose WebM as output file, select &#8216;More options&#8217; to de-select the Export Audio option, and select &#8216;Render to File&#8217; to save the clip.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="837" height="490" src="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options.png" alt="" class="wp-image-38585" srcset="https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options.png 837w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options-300x176.png 300w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options-768x450.png 768w, https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rendering-options-816x478.png 816w" sizes="(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rendering</figcaption></figure></div>


<p></p>



<p>WebM offers good compression and output.</p>



<p>Rendering speed is dependent on the number of CPU cores in your computer. If you work with high quality footage and visual effects in a computer with low-end CPU and RAM, adapt your workflow with proxy clips and use script for rendering.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Share your tutorial video</h2>



<p><a href="https://joinpeertube.org/en_US" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PeerTube</a> is a video sharing platform that runs on GNU/Linux infra, and Open Source/Free Software. Just like <a href="https://vimeo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Vimeo</a> or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">YouTube</a>, you can embed your content to your documentation site from PeerTube.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Credits and acknowledgements</h2>



<p>Big thanks to Seth Kenlon who provided me with a great deal of inspiration from his publication in Opensource.com and Kdenlive workshop.</p>



<p>Kdenlive Version 23.04.2 was used for this article.</p>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/coming-soon-fedora-for-apple-silicon-macs/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Coming soon: Fedora for Apple Silicon Macs!
categories: New in Fedora|Asahi
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/coming-soon-fedora-for-apple-silicon-macs/feed/
description:
The first official release of Fedora Asahi Remix is slated to be available by the end of August 2023!

content:
<p>Today at <a href="https://flocktofedora.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flock</a>, we <a href="https://flock2023.sched.com/event/1Or2q/fedora-asahi-remix-bringing-fedora-to-apple-silicon-macs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a> that Fedora Linux will soon be available on Apple Silicon Macs. Developed in close collaboration with the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SIGs/Asahi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fedora Asahi SIG</a> and the <a href="https://asahilinux.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Asahi Linux project</a>, the <a href="https://fedora-asahi-remix.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fedora Asahi Remix</a> will provide a polished experience for Workstation and Server usecases on Apple Silicon systems. The Asahi Linux project has also <a href="https://asahilinux.org/2023/08/fedora-asahi-remix/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a> that the new Asahi Linux flagship distribution will be Fedora Asahi Remix.</p>



<p>We are using a <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Remix" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Remix</a> as opposed to delivering this support in Fedora Linux proper because this ecosystem is still very fast moving and we believe a Remix will offer the best user experience for the time being. Also, the Remix will allow us to integrate hardware support as it becomes available. Nonetheless, as much of this work as possible is being conducted upstream, with several key components being developed, maintained and packaged in Fedora Linux upstream. Ultimately, we expect Apple Silicon support to be integrated in Fedora Workstation and Fedora Server in a future release, and are working towards this goal. This approach is in line with the overarching goal of the Asahi project itself to integrate support for these systems in the relevant upstream projects.</p>



<p>The first official release of Fedora Asahi Remix is slated to be available by the end of August 2023. Development builds are already available for testing at <a href="https://fedora-asahi-remix.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fedora-asahi-remix.org/</a>, though they should be considered unsupported and likely to break until the official release.</p>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/get-ready-to-flock-to-fedora/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Get ready to Flock to Fedora!
categories: Fedora Project community
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/get-ready-to-flock-to-fedora/feed/
description:
A letter from Fedora Project Leader Matthew Miller Hello Fedora friends! In just about a week, we will kick off Flock to Fedora — our annual contributor conference. I hope you’re as excited as I am! For the last three years, we’ve run this as a virtual event — we stayed cozy at home with [&#8230;]

content:
<p><em>A letter from Fedora Project Leader Matthew Miller</em></p>



<p>Hello Fedora friends! In just about a week, we will kick off <a href="https://flocktofedora.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flock to Fedora</a> — our annual contributor conference. I hope you’re as excited as I am! For the last three years, we’ve run this as a virtual event — we stayed cozy at home with <em>Nest</em>. Now, we’re back to in-person, and I can’t wait to see so many of you again as we flock together to meet in Cork, Ireland.</p>



<p>Flock is different from other conferences — it’s not a showcase or sales pitch, and it’s not a corporate event where we stand up for or root for the companies we work for or are fans of. Of course, we are grateful for our <a href="https://flocktofedora.org/#sponsors" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sponsors</a> and our employers, but in Fedora in general — and <em>especially</em> at Flock! — that’s not what things are about. We come together in a positive spirit to collaborate and build. We’re a community of people, and friendship is a cornerstone value. Fedora is <em>our</em> community, and Flock is where we come together.</p>



<p>This year, we’re combining forces with our friends at the CentOS Project: CentOS Connect will be co-located with Flock. CentOS is a different kind of project, but the same approach applies: this is about community. I know there are a lot of strong feelings around Red Hat and CentOS and rebuilds and downstreams lately. Fedora doesn’t control any of that, but it affects us — so, I’m sure we’ll talk about it. (We even have a session related to the topic.) As we talk, though, let’s all keep in mind the spirit of our projects: working together collaboratively to build a better world with free and open source software for everyone.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The Nest events were wonderful: the best virtual events during the whole pandemic, I think. While I obviously am biased about this, I think it’s fair, since I didn’t really do any of the organizing <em>work. </em>(Thanks to everyone who did, and especially to Marie Nordin!) This year, while we wish everyone could be there in person, we want to make the event as accessible as possible to those who can’t be there, so we will live-stream and record the sessions. I hope you’ll join as many sessions as your local time zone permits.</p>



<p>I look forward to talking about our in-progress strategy, and our goal of doubling the number of active Fedora contributors. I want to hear what all of you are working on, all the ideas you have, all the proposals and plans for the future. Most of all, though, I’m looking forward to seeing so many of my friends again, and making new connections. I hope you are too!</p>



<p>Be sure to check out the <a href="https://flock2023.sched.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">schedule</a>. If you haven’t <a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/flock-2023-tickets-671047008667" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">registered</a> yet, don’t forget to do that!</p>


link: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-install-and-update-fedora-linux-on-android-using-termux/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL2ZlZG9yYW1hZ2F6aW5lLm9yZy9mZWVkLw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: How to Install and Update Fedora Linux on Android using Termux
categories: Fedora Project community|Five Things in Fedora This Week|For System Administrators|review
comments_url: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-install-and-update-fedora-linux-on-android-using-termux/feed/
description:
How to Install Fedora Linux on Android using Termux and Keep Upgrading/Updating it to the Latest Versions

content:
<p>If you&#8217;re interested in running Linux on your Android device, you&#8217;re in luck! It&#8217;s possible to install Fedora Linux on Android using Termux. Termux is a terminal emulator for Android that allows you to run Linux commands and utilities on your phone or tablet. It does not replace Android. In this article, we&#8217;ll walk you through the process of installing Fedora Linux on Android using Termux and show you how to keep it up to date with the latest versions.</p>



<span id="more-38333"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Step by step process </h2>



<p><em><strong>Step 1: Install Termux</strong></em></p>



<p>To get started, you need to install <a href="https://termux.dev/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Termux</a> from the Google Play Store. Once you have Termux installed, open it up and type the following command to update the package list:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">pkg update</pre>



<p>Note: Termux requires Android >= 7 to run. Support for Android 5 and 6 was dropped at v0.83 on 2020-01-01, but you can find old builds on archive.org ( <a href="https://archive.org/details/termux-repositories-legacy/">https://archive.org/details/termux-repositories-legacy/</a> ) if needed.</p>



<p><em><strong>Step 2: Install Proot-Distro</strong></em></p>



<p>Next, you&#8217;ll need to install <a href="https://github.com/termux/proot-distro/blob/master/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proot-Distro</a>. Proot-Distro is a tool that allows you to install and run Linux distributions in a chroot environment. To install Proot-Distro, run the following command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">pkg install proot-distro</pre>



<p>Step 3: Install Fedora</p>



<p>With Proot-Distro installed, you can now use it to install Fedora. To install Fedora, run the following command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">proot-distro install fedora</pre>



<p>This will download and install the latest version of Fedora.</p>



<p><em><strong>Step 4: Configure dnf</strong></em></p>



<p>Now that you have Fedora installed, you&#8217;ll need to configure <em>dnf</em>, Fedora&#8217;s package manager. By default, <em>dnf</em> may try to install SELinux packages, which won&#8217;t work properly in a chroot environment. To prevent this, exclude SELinux packages installation by editing the <em>dnf</em> configuration file. Run the following command to open the <em>dnf</em> configuration file for editing :</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">cd ../usr/var/lib/proot-distro/installed-rootfs/fedora/etc/dnf
vi dnf.conf</pre>



<p>You may substitute the <em>nano </em> editor for <em>vi</em>, if it is more to your liking. Once you&#8217;re in the file, find the line that says <em>excludepkgs=</em> and add <em>*selinux*</em> to the end of the line, like so:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">excludepkgs=*selinux*</pre>



<p>It may be necessary to add the <em>excludepkgs </em>line. Save these changes and exit the editor.</p>



<p><em><strong>Step 5: Install a Desktop Environment (Optional)</strong></em></p>



<p>Fedora comes with a number of desktop environments to choose from. If you&#8217;d like to install a desktop environment, you can do so with the following commands:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">proot-distro login fedora
dnf groupinstall "Fedora Workstation" --skip-broken</pre>



<p>This will switch from termux into the chroot Fedora installation and install the GNOME desktop environment, along with a number of other packages. If you prefer a different desktop environment, you can replace <em>Fedora Workstation</em> with the name of the group for your preferred environment.</p>



<p><em><strong>Step 6: Install VNC Server (Optional)</strong></em></p>



<p>If you plan on using your Fedora installation with a graphical interface, you&#8217;ll need to install a VNC server. This will allow you to connect to the Fedora desktop from another computer or device. To install the TigerVNC server, run the following command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">dnf install tigervnc-server.aarch64 -y</pre>



<p>This will install the VNC server, along with any necessary dependencies.</p>



<p><em><strong>Step 7: Upgrading Fedora</strong></em></p>



<p>Now that you have Fedora installed, you&#8217;ll want to keep it up to date with the latest versions. To upgrade Fedora, run the following commands:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
sudo dnf system-upgrade download –releasever=37
export DNF_SYSTEM_UPGRADE_NO_REBOOT=1
sudo -E dnf system-upgrade reboot
sudo -E dnf system-upgrade upgrade
sudo dnf upgrade --refresh</pre>



<p>First command <em>sudo dnf upgrade &#8211;refresh </em> refreshes the package cache and updates any installed packages.</p>



<p>The second command <em>sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade</em> installs the <em>dnf-plugin-system-upgrade</em> package, needed for the upgrade process.</p>



<p>The third command <em>sudo dnf system-upgrade download &#8211;releasever=37</em> downloads the necessary packages for the upgrade to version 37 of Fedora. Replace <em>37</em> with the desired release version.</p>



<p>The fourth command <em>export DNF_SYSTEM_UPGRADE_NO_REBOOT=1</em> sets an environment variable to prevent the system from rebooting after the upgrade.</p>



<p>The fifth command <em>sudo -E dnf system-upgrade reboot</em> reboots the system to start the upgrade process. Make sure to save any important work before running this command.</p>



<p>The sixth command <em>sudo -E dnf system-upgrade upgrade</em> performs the upgrade process.</p>



<p>Finally, the seventh command <em>sudo dnf upgrade &#8211;refresh</em> updates any remaining packages and ensures that your system is fully up to date.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Errors Encountered</h2>



<p>During the installation and upgrade process, you may encounter errors. Two common errors are described below, along with their solutions.</p>



<p><em><strong>Error 1:</strong></em> sudo: /etc/sudo.conf is owned by uid 1001, should be 0<br /><em><strong>Solution:</strong></em> This error occurs when the ownership of the <em>sudo.conf</em> file is incorrect. To fix this, run the following command:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">chmod +s /usr/bin/sudo</pre>



<p>This sets the setuid bit on the <em>sudo</em> command, which allows it to run with root privileges.</p>



<p><em><strong>Error 2:</strong></em> filesystem package didn&#8217;t get upgraded post OS upgrade<br /><em><strong>Solution:</strong></em> This error occurs when the <em>filesystem</em> package is not upgraded during the upgrade process. To fix this, run the following commands:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">sudo rpm -e --nodeps filesystem
dnf download filesystem</pre>



<p>The first command removes the <em>filesystem</em> package, and the second command downloads the latest version of the package. If you encounter any errors during the upgrade process, you can use <em>rpmrebuild</em> to rebuild the package with any necessary modifications.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Conclusion</h2>



<p>In this article, we&#8217;ve shown you how to install Fedora Linux on Android using Termux and how to keep it up to date with the latest versions. While there may be some errors to overcome during the installation and upgrade process, following the steps outlined in this article should help you get Fedora up and running on your Android device in no time.</p>


link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963575
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read: False
type: Rss
title: Four people from four different nations ride SpaceX rocket into orbit
description: A new Falcon 9 booster also joins SpaceX's fleet with Saturday's launch.
categories: Space|crew dragon|Crew-7|falcon 9|human spaceflight|international space station|launch|NASA|spacex
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<div>
      <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Crew-7-20-800x1200.jpg">
  
<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">This long exposure photo of the Crew-7 launch shows SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket streaking into the sky over NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, followed by the return of the Falcon 9 booster to Earth. (credit: Trevor Mahlmann/Ars Technica)</p>
</div>





<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>SpaceX launched a Dragon spacecraft into orbit from Florida’s Space Coast early Saturday, carrying a multinational crew from the United States, Denmark, Japan, and Russia on a flight to the International Space Station.</p>
<p>The four crew members strapped into their seats inside SpaceX's Crew Dragon Endurance spacecraft overnight and then waited for a Falcon 9 rocket to shoot them into orbit from NASA's Kennedy Space Center. With a flash of orange light, the rocket's nine kerosene-fueled Merlin engines ignited and propelled the Falcon 9 off the launch pad at 3:27 am EDT (07:27 UTC).</p>
<p>The rocket headed northeast from the Florida coast to arc over the Atlantic Ocean and line up with the flight path of the International Space Station. About two-and-a-half minutes into the launch, the Falcon 9's first stage booster separated from the rocket's upper stage to begin thrusting back toward Cape Canaveral. The return maneuver culminated in an on-target vertical landing a few miles south of the launch pad.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963575#p3">Read 24 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963575&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963543
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Study: Carbon offsets aren’t doing their job, overstate impact
description: Cambridge study says carbon offsets are not nearly as effective as they claim to be.
categories: Science|Brazil|Carbon offsets|Deforestation|syndication
content:
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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">Paiter-Surui volunteers alongside "forest engineers" from a Brazillian Government support program using GPS equipment to map and measure the trees and vegetation in the "7th September Indian Reserve" Rondônia, Brazil. This information is intended to later be used to calculate the forest carbon content. Indigenous people have contributed less to climate change than has any other section of the population, yet they are among those most in jeopardy from its impact. (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/paiter-surui-volunteers-alongside-forest-engineers-from-a-news-photo/1366011761">Craig Stennett/Getty Images</a>)</p>
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<p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24082023/carbon-offsets-overestimatiing-impacts-cambridge-study/">Inside Climate News</a>, a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy, and the environment. It is republished with permission. Sign up for their newsletter <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/">here</a>. </em></p>
<p>Carbon offset projects claiming to curb deforestation are significantly overestimating their impact, according to a new study published in Science on Thursday.</p>
<p>Sold as a way to lessen the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by allowing polluters or consumers to purchase offsets or credits that allow them to keep emitting in return for funding projects that decrease emissions elsewhere, offsets have become a high-profile model for corporate climate action.<em> </em></p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963543#p3">Read 37 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963543&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963549
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Renegade certificate removed from Windows. Then it returns. Microsoft stays silent.
description: The certificate, originally spawned by Symantec, was scheduled to be banished years ago.
categories: Security|digital certificates|microsoft|Windows
content:
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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">(credit: Getty Images)</p>
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<p>For three days, system administrators have been troubleshooting errors that have prevented Windows users from running applications such as QuickBooks and Avatax. We now know the cause: an unannounced move or glitch by Microsoft that removed a once-widely used digital certificate in Windows.</p>
<p>The removed credential is known as a root certificate, meaning it anchors the trust of hundreds or thousands of intermediate and individual certificates downstream. The root certificate—with the serial number 18dad19e267de8bb4a2158cdcc6b3b4a and the SHA1 fingerprint 4EB6D578499B1CCF5F581EAD56BE3D9B6744A5E5—was no longer trusted in Windows. Because that root was tied to certificates that certify their authenticity and trust, people trying to use or install the app received the error.</p>
<p>Just minutes before this post was scheduled to go live, researchers learned that the certificate had been restored in Windows. It’s unclear how or why that occurred. The certificate immediately below this paragraph shows the certificate's status on Thursday. The one below that shows the status as of Friday.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963549#p3">Read 11 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963549&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963498
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Global COVID monitoring is crashing as BA.2.86 variant raises alarm
description: "This is on the shoulders of governments right now."
categories:
Health|Science|BA.2.86|COVID-19|genetic sequence|Infectious disease|pandemic|public health|SARS-CoV-2|variant|variant of concern|WHO

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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">WHO's COVID-19 technical lead, Maria Van Kerkhove, looks on during a press conference at the World Health Organization's headquarters in Geneva, on December 14, 2022.  (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/s-covid-19-technical-lead-maria-van-kerkhove-looks-on-news-photo/1245605621?phrase=who%20maria%20van%20kerkhove&amp;adppopup=true">Getty | FABRICE COFFRINI</a>)</p>
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<p>With global attention and anxiety locked onto the latest coronavirus omicron subvariant BA.2.86, health officials and experts are still mostly in the dark about how the highly mutated virus will play out.</p>
<p>At the start of the week, amid a flurry of headlines, researchers had only six genetic sequences of the virus in the public repository GISAID, even though the virus had already spread to at least four countries (Denmark, Israel, UK, and the US). As of the time of publication of this article on Friday, there are still <a href="https://gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/">only 10 sequences</a> from five countries (Denmark, Israel, UK, US, and South Africa). According to the World Health Organization, the variant has also appeared in wastewater sampling from Thailand and Switzerland.</p>
<p>As Ars reported Monday<a href="https://arstechnica.com/health/2023/08/ba-2-86-shows-just-how-risky-slacking-off-on-covid-monitoring-is/">, BA.2.86 gained attention for having a large number of mutations</a> compared with BA.2, the omicron subvariant from which it descended. The number of mutations in BA.2.86's critical spike protein is over 30, rivaling the number seen in the original omicron subvariant, BA.1, which went on to cause a tidal wave of cases and hospitalizations. BA.2.86's spike mutations appear geared toward evading neutralizing antibody protections built up from past infections and vaccinations. But with such scant and spotty detection, it's impossible to say whether this variant can outspread its many omicron-subvariant cousins to cause a wave of infection. It's also still not possible to determine if it can cause more severe disease than other variants. So far, severe disease symptoms have not been reported from the 10 cases—but that is not enough data to draw any conclusions. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in a risk assessment Wednesday, it's "<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/whats-new/covid-19-variant.html">too soon to know</a>" the impact of BA.2.86 on transmission and disease severity.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963498#p3">Read 10 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963498&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963410
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: SpaceX completes successful hot fire test of its massive Starship rocket
description: SpaceX has not set a public launch target yet for Starship.
categories: Science|Space|space|spacex|starship
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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">SpaceX conducted a second static fire test of Booster 9 on Friday. (credit: SpaceX webcast)</p>
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<p>SpaceX conducted a second hot fire test of its Super Heavy booster on Friday afternoon, likely taking a key step toward the next launch of its massive new rocket.</p>
<p>A few minutes after the test firing, SpaceX founder Elon Musk characterized it as "successful" <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1695132978303865240">on the social media network</a> formerly known as Twitter. SpaceX later confirmed that all 33 Raptor engines ignited during the test and that all but two ran for the full six-second duration.</p>
<p>This Super Heavy booster, the largest and most powerful rocket to ever fly, serves as the first stage of SpaceX's mega-rocket, which pushes the Starship upper stage into orbit.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963410#p3">Read 8 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963410&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963228
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: New genetic analysis of Ötzi the Iceman yields some surprising findings
description: Ötzi’s ancestors were early Anatolian farmers, not Steppe Herders as previously believed.
categories:
Science|Archaeology|Biology|Evolutionary anthropology|forensic anthropology|Genomics|Ötzi the Iceman

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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">Study reveals that compared to other contemporary Europeans, Ötzi’s genome had an unusually high proportion of genes in common with those of early farmers from Anatolia. He was also likely bald (or nearly so) when he died. (credit: South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology/Eurac/Marco Samadelli-Gregor Staschitz)</p>
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<p>In 1991, a group of hikers found the mummified remains of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tzi" data-uri="72d9c9bbecd41340556446e3d9ef587f">Ötzi the Iceman</a> emerging from a melting glacier in the Alps—likely murdered, judging by the remains of an arrowhead lodged in his shoulder. The mummy's genome was first sequenced in 2012, whereby the world learned that he likely had brown eyes, type O blood, blocked arteries, Lyme disease, and lactose intolerance. That first genetic analysis also determined that Ötzi was descended from Steppe Herders hailing from Eastern Europe who migrated to the region some 4,900 years ago.</p>
<p>However, according to a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666979X2300174X?via%3Dihub">recent paper</a> published in the journal Cell Genomics, Ötzi actually has more common ancestry with early farmers who migrated from Anatolia roughly 8,000 years ago, and the earlier findings were the result of modern DNA contaminating the original sample. The authors also used the latest advanced sequencing technology to paint a more accurate picture of the Iceman’s appearance and other genetic traits. Most notably, his skin was probably much darker than previously assumed, and he was likely bald, or nearly so, when he died. </p>
<p>As <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/study-otzi-the-iceman-probably-thawed-and-refroze-several-times/">previously reported</a>, archaeologists have spent the last 30 years studying the wealth of information about Copper Age life that Ötzi brought with him into the present. Studies have examined his genome, skeleton, last meals, tattoos, and the microbes that lived in his gut. For instance, in 2016, scientists <a href="http://dx.doi.org/%2010.1038/srep31279" data-uri="7de54f4e89d314658ae8fbf91ed8737a">used DNA sequencing</a> to identify how Ötzi's clothing was made and found that most of it was made from domesticated cattle, goats, and sheep, although his hat was made from brown bear hide and his quiver from a wild roe deer.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963228#p3">Read 9 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963228&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963314
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Not your average Toyota: The all-wheel drive GR Corolla, reviewed
description: Highlights include a distinctive 3-cylinder burble and an adjustable torque-split.
categories:
Cars|2023 corolla gr|2023 gr corolla|car review|gr corolla|Toyota Corolla|toyota corolla gr|Toyota Corolla Hatchback|Toyota GR Corolla

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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">Early mornings were made for cars like this, the Toyota GR Corolla. (credit: Jonathan Gitlin)</p>
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<p>Although the vast majority of our car reviews are for hybrids and electric vehicles, we do still appreciate a good enthusiast's car. All the more so when they're tweaked versions of more pedestrian fare. Built in low volume and with something special under the hood? Count us in.</p>
<p>That brings us to today's topic, the Toyota GR Corolla.</p>
<p>Some regular readers might be feeling a touch of deja-vu at this point; Toyota builds the GR Corolla in three different specifications, and in March we drove <a href="https://arstechnica.com/cars/2023/03/we-drive-the-most-hardcore-toyota-corolla-ever-the-gr-morizo-edition/">the most expensive, most focused of them, the GR Morizo Edition</a>. With no back seats, a $49,900 price tag, and only 200 units imported for model-year 2023, the GR Morizo is probably a bit too hardcore for most.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963314#p3">Read 15 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963314&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963275
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Judge tears apart Republican lawsuit alleging bias in Gmail spam filter
description: Gmail isn't a common carrier and is protected by Section 230, judge rules.
categories: Policy|gmail|google|Republican National Committee
content:
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<p>A federal judge yesterday granted Google's motion to dismiss a lawsuit filed by the Republican National Committee (RNC), which <a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/10/republicans-sue-google-to-stop-gmail-from-marking-campaign-messages-as-spam/">claims</a> that Google intentionally used Gmail's spam filter to suppress Republicans' fundraising emails. An <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.418528/gov.uscourts.caed.418528.53.0.pdf">order</a> dismissing the lawsuit was issued yesterday by US District Judge Daniel Calabretta.</p>
<p>The RNC is seeking "recovery for donations it allegedly lost as a result of its emails not being delivered to its supporters' inboxes," Calabretta noted. But Google correctly argued that the lawsuit claims are barred by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the judge wrote. The RNC <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.418528/gov.uscourts.caed.418528.1.0.pdf">lawsuit</a> was filed in October 2022 in US District Court for the Eastern District of California.</p>
<p>"While it is a close case, the Court concludes that... the RNC has not sufficiently pled that Google acted in bad faith in filtering the RNC's messages into Gmail users' spam folders, and that doing so was protected by Section 230. On the merits, the Court concludes that each of the RNC's claims fail as a matter of law for the reasons described below," he wrote.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963275#p3">Read 15 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963275&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963246
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: New material provides clean water and electricity using nothing but the Sun
description: The material isn't especially efficient, but improvements should be possible.
categories: Science|green|materials science|Solar energy|sustainability|water
content:
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<p>Our atmosphere holds <a href="https://engineering.purdue.edu/ME/News/2022/atmospheric-water-harvesting-can-we-get-water-out-of-thin-air">six times more</a> water than you’ll find in all the rivers on Earth. The dew drops you see on grass and water droplets on a cold juice bottle are evidence of this natural reservoir of water. Despite its ubiquity, <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2365541-around-2-billion-people-dont-have-access-to-clean-drinking-water/">2 billion</a> people on Earth still don’t have access to <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/12/a-personalized-water-purification-system-that-floats/">clean drinking water</a>.</p>
<p>A technique called atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) can allow us to extract some of this freshwater out of the air. But there are various challenges that have prevented us from implementing AWH on a large scale. In order to create an effective and continuous AWH system, scientists need to ensure two things. The first is that the water absorption from the air is fully reversible so that the water can be retrieved for use.</p>
<p>The second is efficient <a href="https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/07/turning-waste-heat-into-electricitytwice-as-efficiently/">waste heat management</a>. When an AWH system captures water from the air, the condensation of water releases heat. If this excess heat is not processed carefully, it can interfere with the entire process. However, it seems that we are now closer to a solution. Inspired by the structure of plant leaves, a team of researchers in China has created a core-shell structural cellulose nanofiber-based aerogel (called Core-Shell@CNF for short) that promises to overcome these challenges.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963246#p3">Read 13 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963246&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963217
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: AI-powered brain implants help paralyzed patients communicate faster than ever
description: New brain-computer interfaces are faster than existing solutions.
categories: AI|Health|Science|brain implants|syndication
content:
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<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">A researcher connects a pedestal on a study volunteer's head to an external computer. The pedestal is wired to electrodes that rest on the surface of the brain. (credit: Noah Berger/UCSF)</p>
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<p>Paralysis had robbed the two women of their ability to speak. For one, the cause was amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, a disease that affects the motor neurons. The other had suffered a stroke in her brain stem. Though they can’t enunciate clearly, they remember how to formulate words.</p>
<p>Now, after volunteering to receive brain implants, both are able to communicate through a computer at a speed approaching the tempo of normal conversation. By parsing the neural activity associated with the facial movements involved in talking, the devices decode their intended speech at a rate of 62 and 78 words per minute, respectively—several times faster than the previous record. Their cases are detailed in two papers published Wednesday by separate teams in the journal Nature.</p>
<p>“It is now possible to imagine a future where we can restore fluid conversation to someone with paralysis, enabling them to freely say whatever they want to say with an accuracy high enough to be understood reliably,” said Frank Willett, a research scientist at Stanford University’s Neural Prosthetics Translational Laboratory, during a media briefing on Tuesday. Willett is an author on <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06377-x">a paper</a> produced by Stanford researchers; <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06443-4">the other</a> was published by a team at UC San Francisco.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963217#p3">Read 20 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963217&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963184
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Microsoft signing keys keep getting hijacked, to the delight of Chinese threat actors
description: What's the point of locks when hackers can easily get the keys to unlock them?
categories: Biz & IT|Security|digigal certificate|drivers|microsoft|rootkits|Windows
content:
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<p>In July, security researchers revealed a sobering discovery: hundreds of pieces of malware used by multiple hacker groups to infect Windows devices had been digitally signed and validated as safe by Microsoft itself. On Tuesday, a different set of researchers made a similarly solemn announcement: Microsoft’s digital keys had been hijacked to sign yet more malware for use by a previously unknown threat actor in a supply-chain attack that infected roughly 100 carefully selected victims.</p>
<p>The malware, researchers from Symantec’s Threat Hunter Team <a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/carderbee-software-supply-chain-certificate-abuse">reported</a>, was digitally signed with a certificate for use in what is alternatively known as the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/dashboard/hardware-program-register">Microsoft Windows Hardware Developer Program</a> and the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/dashboard/get-started-dashboard-submissions">Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Program</a>. The program is used to certify that device drivers—the software that runs deep inside the Windows kernel—come from a known source and that they can be trusted to securely access the deepest and most sensitive recesses of the operating system. Without the certification, drivers are ineligible to run on Windows.</p>
<h2>Hijacking keys to the kingdom</h2>
<p>Somehow, members of this hacking team—which Symantec calls Carderbee—managed to get Microsoft to digitally sign a type of malware known as a rootkit. Once installed, rootkits become what’s essentially an extension of the OS. To gain that level of access without tipping off end-point security systems and other defenses, the Carderbee hackers first needed its rootkit to receive the Microsoft seal of approval, which it got after Microsoft signed it.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963184#p3">Read 15 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963184&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962918
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: Rocket Report: DOJ sues SpaceX; a look inside doomed Spaceport Camden
description: Elon Musk may again be in trouble for his social media posts.
categories:
Science|Space|astra|lawsuit|North Korea|reusable rocket|rocket lab|rocket report|spaceport|spacex|united launch alliance

content:
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      <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/booster9roll1-800x450.jpeg">
  
<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">SpaceX's Super Heavy booster, numbered Booster 9, rolls back to its launch pad in Texas for more testing. The rocket now has a new structural staging ring on top. (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1694146497376555022/photo/3">SpaceX</a>)</p>
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<p>Welcome to Edition 6.08 of the Rocket Report! The US Department of Justice is taking SpaceX to court over allegations of hiring discrimination, but the government is relying more than ever on SpaceX's technical prowess. Once again, Elon Musk's social media posts are part of the story. This week, we also cover the successes and struggles of small rockets, where Rocket Lab is leading the pack.</p>
<p>As always, we <a href="https://arstechnica.wufoo.com/forms/launch-stories/">welcome reader submissions</a>, and if you don't want to miss an issue, please subscribe using the box below (the form will not appear on AMP-enabled versions of the site). Each report will include information on small-, medium-, and heavy-lift rockets, as well as a quick look ahead at the next three launches on the calendar.</p>
<p><strong>12 pm ET update</strong>: The list of upcoming launches at the bottom of the Rocket Report has been updated to reflect the Crew-7, Starlink 6-11, and H-IIA launch delays.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962918#p3">Read 27 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962918&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952074
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: The strange, secretive world of North Korean science fiction
description: Unusual and often breathtaking, the genre is relatively unknown in the West.
categories: Culture|Features|Literature|North Korea|sci-fi|science fiction
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<div>
      <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Inside-the-Submarnie-1024x406-1-800x317.jpg">
  
<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><em>Inside the Submarine</em> by Kim Kwang Nam, from the series "The Future is Bright." (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://koryostudio.com/purchase/original/the-future-is-bright">Koryo Studio</a>)</p>
</div>





<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>A plane is flying to the Philippines, gliding above "the infinite surface" of the Pacific Ocean. Suddenly, a few passengers start to scream. Soon, the captain announces there's a bomb on board, and it’s set to detonate if the aircraft drops below 10,000 feet.</p>
<p>"The inside of the plane turned into a battlefield," the story reads. "The captain was visibly startled and vainly tried to calm down the screaming and utterly terrorized passengers."</p>
<p>Only one person keeps his cool: a young North Korean diplomat who has faith that his country will find a solution and save everyone. And he’s right. North Korea's esteemed scientists and engineers create a mysterious anti-gravitational field and stop the plane in mid-air. The bomb is defused, and everyone gets off the aircraft and is brought back safely to Earth.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952074#p3">Read 47 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952074&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963140
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vZmVlZC8=
read: False
type: Rss
title: FDA cracks down on bogus anti-viral products from Amazon, Walmart
description: The products contain dilutions of a toxic agent found in absinthe.
categories: Health|Science|Amazon|fda|homeopathy|molluscum contagiosum|Naturasil|walmart
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<div>
      <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/196_lores.jpeg">
  
<p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">This 1980 transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by three poxvirus, molluscum contagiosum virions. (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=196">CDC</a>)</p>
</div>





<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>The Food and Drug Administration sent a flurry of warning letters this week over bogus homeopathic products falsely claiming to be antiviral cures—products mostly marketed to children.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/amazoncom-inc-649056-08182023">Amazon</a>, <a href="https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/walmart-inc-648620-08182023">Walmart</a>, and the homeopathic company behind <a href="https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/natures-innovation-inc-648560-08182023">Naturasil</a> products were among those receiving warnings for allegedly selling unapproved drugs in violation of federal regulations. The products are "especially concerning from a public health perspective because they are marketed for use in children," the FDA wrote in its letter to Amazon.</p>
<p>The regulator identified four products on Amazon that were in violation. All of the products claimed to treat <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/index.html">molluscum contagiosum</a>, and three were identified as homeopathic products. One of the products was Naturasil's "Molluscum Treatment Kit," which was also the focus of the letter to Walmart.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963140#p3">Read 8 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963140&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963225
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read: False
type: Rss
title: Hands-on with Cherry MX2A switches: A lot less wobble, a little more confusion
description: Cherry fights mechanical switch copycats with a new, yet familiar, lineup.
categories: Tech|cherry|Keyboards|mechanical keyboards|reviews
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG-3973-800x450.jpg" alt="Cherry's new MX2A mechanical switches (from left to right): Red, Blue, Brown, Black, Speed Silver, Silent Red.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG-3973-scaled.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1440" data-width="2560">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> Cherry's new MX2A mechanical switches (from left to right): Red, Blue, Brown, Black, Speed Silver, Silent Red.  (credit: Scharon Harding)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>For 20 years, Cherry's patent on mechanical switches made it the only player around. That patent's expiration around 2014, though, released the floodgates and allowed countless copycats and switches with varying levels of modification to the cross-stem design to pour in. Typically, consumer choice is a good thing, and there are companies making switches that offer much different (sometimes better) experiences than the switches Cherry makes.</p>
<p>But there are many mechanical switches these days that don't add anything to the market. Some rip off what Cherry already offers with a cheaper price tag or only help <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/the-ars-technica-guide-to-mechanical-keyboards/">mechanical keyboard</a> makers save money by not paying another company for switches.</p>
<p>Seemingly in response, Cherry announced its MX2A series of mechanical switches this week. The new switches are almost identical to the company's MX Red, Silent Red, Blue, Brown, Speed Silver, and Black counterparts. The differences are inside the switches. In most cases, I noticed improvements to the feel of the new switches, but are they enough to warrant the introduction of even more switches and, likely, confusion?</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963225#p3">Read 23 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963225&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963387
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Trump’s mug shot was on the Wii News channel, thanks to RiiConnect24 devs
description: RiiConnect has been offering Wii online services for longer than Nintendo.
categories: Culture|Gaming|Tech|Donald Trump|Mii|Nintendo|Nintendo Wii|President Donald Trump|wii news channel
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wii-news-trump-mugshot-800x450.jpg" alt="Donald Trump's mugshot, in the style of a Wii menu page.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wii-news-trump-mugshot.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1080" data-width="1920">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> The medium is the message, even within the third-party homebrew restoration of that medium. (credit: Aurich Lawson)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>There were few news outlets where former US president Donald J. Trump's mug shot, from his indictment in Fulton County, Georgia, would not be seen after its Thursday afternoon release.</p>
<p>This included the Nintendo Wii News Channel. If you still have a Wii console hooked up in your living room, you could, with <a href="https://wii.guide/get-started">an exploit</a>, an <a href="https://wii.guide/hbc">SD card</a>, and some patience, still have an active News Channel on your Wii. If you were checking 2023's news on your 2006 console Thursday, you could have <a href="https://twitter.com/Squibbus/status/1694960505159369169?t=A4V9CcXKrQwGuggEPmY6pA&amp;s=19">seen Trump's image</a> in all its fuzzy, compressed notoriety. This inadvertent performance art was made possible by RiiConnect24, a service that has been providing Wii owners with online connectivity for a longer period than <a href="https://twitter.com/jacg231102/status/1601789803032215552">even Nintendo originally offered</a>.</p>
<div class="twitter-tweet"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">I'M CRYING <a href="https://t.co/QRHoMyFl3h">https://t.co/QRHoMyFl3h</a> <a href="https://t.co/ZHknpMAM6r">pic.twitter.com/ZHknpMAM6r</a></p>— Squibbus (@Squibbus) <a href="https://twitter.com/Squibbus/status/1694960505159369169?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 25, 2023</a></blockquote></div>
<p>Full disclosure: I am a sincerely soft target for a loosely organized crew of <a href="https://www.ifixit.com/News/33398/rebble-with-a-cause-how-pebble-watches-got-their-amazing-afterlife">hackers keeping a service running long beyond its corporate end of life</a>. RiiConnect24 certainly falls in that category. Nintendo <a href="https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/3512/~/discontinuation-of-wiiconnect24-services">shut off WiiConnect24 in June 2013</a>, ending the ability to receive forecasts and news, share Mii avatars and messages, participate in the "Everybody Votes Channel," and use the network aspects of certain games.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963387#p3">Read 8 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963387&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963185
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: 10X coders beware: Meta’s new AI model boosts coding and debugging for free
description: New "Code Llama" coding model is free for research and commercial use.
categories:
AI|Biz & IT|Tech|AI assistants|AI coding tools|ChatGPT|chatgtp|Code Llama|large language models|LLaMA|Llama 2|machine learning|meta|Meta AI|text synthesis

content:
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<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/code_llamas_hero-800x450.jpg" alt="A group of pink llamas on a pixelated background.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/code_llamas_hero.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="675" data-width="1200">Enlarge</a> (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/llamas-posing-in-high-desert-royalty-free-image/108005662">Getty Images | Benj Edwards</a>)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Meta is adding another Llama to its herd—and this one knows how to code. On Thursday, Meta <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2023/08/code-llama-ai-for-coding/">unveiled</a> "Code Llama," a new large language model (LLM) based on <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/meta-launches-llama-2-an-open-source-ai-model-that-allows-commercial-applications/">Llama 2</a> that is designed to assist programmers by generating and debugging code. It aims to make software development more efficient and accessible, and it's free for commercial and research use.</p>

<p>Much like <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/12/openai-invites-everyone-to-test-new-ai-powered-chatbot-with-amusing-results/">ChatGPT</a> and <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/github-copilot-chat/about-github-copilot-chat">GitHub Copilot Chat</a>, you can ask Code Llama to write code using high-level instructions, such as "Write me a function that outputs the Fibonacci sequence." Or it can assist with debugging if you provide a sample of problematic code and ask for corrections.</p>
<p>As an extension of Llama 2 (released <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/meta-launches-llama-2-an-open-source-ai-model-that-allows-commercial-applications/">in July</a>), Code Llama builds off of weights-available LLMs Meta has been developing since <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/02/chatgpt-on-your-pc-meta-unveils-new-ai-model-that-can-run-on-a-single-gpu/">February</a>. Code Llama has been specifically trained on source code data sets and can operate on various programming languages, including Python, Java, C++,  PHP, TypeScript, C#, Bash scripting, and more.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963185#p3">Read 18 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963185&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963405
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Too many users abused unlimited Dropbox plans, so they’re getting limits
description: Some people have taken "as much space as you need" too literally.
categories:
Biz & IT|Policy|Tech|cloud storage|data cap|dropbox|dropbox advanced|dropbox download|Google drive|onedrive

content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/dropbox-logo-800x498.png" alt="Too many users abused unlimited Dropbox plans, so they’re getting limits">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/dropbox-logo.png" class="enlarge-link" data-height="914" data-width="1468">Enlarge</a> (credit: Dropbox)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Sometimes the honor system just doesn't work.</p>
<p>Up until yesterday, Dropbox <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/official-teams-page?_tk=paid_sem_goog_biz_b&amp;_camp=1744530633&amp;_kw=%2Bdropbox%20%2Bpremium%7Cb&amp;_ad=649958520378%7C%7Cc&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjwoqGnBhAcEiwAwK-OkWz7Sd91VabCuqL_8YDQmIpL6FpWyySx0dYstRs3pYe1uxV4ZV1gnxoCNZMQAvD_BwE">offered</a> an unlimited $24-per-user-per-month plan for businesses called Dropbox Advanced that came with an "as much as you need" storage cap. This was intended to free business users from needing to worry about quotas.</p>

<p>But as with unlimited cell phone data plans, the bad behavior of a small group of users is apparently ruining unlimited Dropbox storage for everybody. The company <a href="https://blog.dropbox.com/topics/product/updates-to-our-storage-policy-on-dropbox-advanced">said in a blog post yesterday</a> that it was retiring its unlimited storage policy specifically because people were buying Dropbox Advanced accounts "for purposes like crypto and Chia mining, unrelated individuals pooling storage for personal use cases, or even instances of reselling storage." Dropbox says that these users were using "thousands of times more storage than [Dropbox's] genuine business customers."</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963405#p3">Read 4 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963405&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962496
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: AMD Radeon RX 7700 XT and 7800 XT will go up against Nvidia’s 4070 and 4060 Ti
description: At $449 and $499, the cards both undercut Nvidia, at least for now.
categories:
Gaming|Tech|AMD|AMD GPU|amd radeon|geforce experience|GPU|Graphics Card|NVIDIA|nvidia geforce|RDNA 3|rx 7000

content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/7700-7800-1-800x450.jpeg" alt="The specs of AMD's Radeon RX 7700 XT and 7800 XT. ">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/7700-7800-1.jpeg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1080" data-width="1920">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> The specs of AMD's Radeon RX 7700 XT and 7800 XT.  (credit: AMD)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>

<p>AMD has been slower than Nvidia to fill out its next-generation GPU lineup, and for months there has been a huge gap between the <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/12/review-amds-radeon-rx-7900-gpus-are-great-4k-gaming-gpus-with-caveats/">Radeon RX 7900 XT</a> (currently retailing between $750 and $850) and the <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/05/review-amds-269-rx-7600-is-a-good-1080p-card-but-the-rtx-4060-looms/">Radeon RX 7600</a> (holding steady at $270ish). Today, the company is finally filling in that gap with the new Radeon RX 7800 XT and RX 7700 XT, both advertised as 1440p graphics cards and available starting at $449 and $499, respectively. Both cards will be available on September 6. And most Radeon RX 6000 and RX 7000 GPUs sold between now and September 30 will come with a free copy of Bethesda's upcoming "<a href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/06/bethesdas-starfield-direct-shows-off-a-massive-galactic-scale-space-rpg/"><em>Skyrim</em> in space</a>" title, <em>Starfield.</em></p>
<p>AMD kept the prices of both cards under wraps while pre-briefing members of the press about the announcement, which is unusual but not hard to explain. AMD's RX 7600 launch was spoiled a bit by Nvidia, which preempted the 7600's announcement by offering a more powerful GeForce RTX 4060 at <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/05/nvidias-399-4060-ti-comes-with-no-price-hike-but-mild-performance-improvements/">the same $299 price</a> that AMD had planned for the 7600. This prompted AMD to cut the 7600's price to $269 before it was even announced; we'll have to wait and see if Nvidia chooses to change its prices in response to the new Radeon cards' launch.</p>
<div class="image shortcode-img center full"><img alt="The full lineup of RX 7000-series graphics cards. AMD pictures a reference version of the 7700 XT, though it won't be selling one. " src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/7700-7800-3.jpeg"><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">The full lineup of RX 7000-series graphics cards. AMD pictures a reference version of the 7700 XT, though it won't be selling one.  (credit: AMD)</p></div>
<p>The RX 7700 XT and 7800 XT are based on the same RDNA 3 graphics architecture as the other 7000-series GPUs, which means a more efficient manufacturing process than the RX 6000 series, DisplayPort 2.1 support, and hardware acceleration for encoding with the AV1 video codec, which promises game streamers either higher-quality video at the same bitrate as older codecs or the same quality with a lower bitrate. AMD compared the 7800 XT and 7700 XT favorably to <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/04/nvidias-599-geforce-rtx-4070-is-a-more-reasonably-priced-and-sized-ada-gpu/">Nvidia's $600 upper-midrange RTX 4070</a> and the $500 16GB version of the <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/05/review-nvidias-399-rtx-4060-ti-is-mostly-a-step-forward-but-only-a-small-one/">RTX 4060 Ti</a>.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962496#p3">Read 12 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962496&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962937
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: AMD’s FPS-doubling FSR 3 is coming soon, and not just to Radeon graphics cards
description: FSR 3 is AMD's open, GPU-agnostic answer to Nvidia's DLSS Frame Generation.
categories:
Gaming|Tech|AMD|amd fsr|AMD GPU|amd radeon|dlss|fsr|FSR 3|GeForce|geforce experience|GPU|Graphics Card|NVIDIA|nvidia dlss|RDNA 3

content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/fsr-3-1-800x450.jpeg" alt="AMD's FSR 3 will compete with Nvidia's proprietary DLSS Frame Generation feature starting in September.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/fsr-3-1.jpeg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1080" data-width="1920">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> AMD's FSR 3 will compete with Nvidia's proprietary DLSS Frame Generation feature starting in September. (credit: AMD)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Even if you're not interested in buying <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/08/amds-radeon-rx-7700-xt-and-rx-7800-xt-fill-the-gaps-in-its-next-gen-gpu-lineup/">one of the new Radeon graphics cards AMD announced today</a>, the company still has some software-related announcements of interest to anyone who plays games on their PC. And that includes not just owners of older AMD GPUs but people who use Nvidia GeForce or Intel Arc cards, too.</p>

<p>First, AMD is finally ready to reveal more details about FidelityFX Super Resolution version 3, the latest major update to the company's open source upsampling technology. A competitor to Nvidia's proprietary Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) and Intel's GPU-agnostic but nascent XeSS, all of these technologies attempt to generate a high-resolution image by rendering a lower-resolution image, blowing it up and filling in the gaps algorithmically to approximate what a natively rendered image would have looked like.</p>
<h2>What GPUs support FSR 3?</h2>
<p>Last year, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/05/amds-fsr-2-0-debut-while-limited-has-upscaled-our-gpu-hopes/">FSR 2.0</a> went a long way toward making the technology more competitive with DLSS while also working on a wider range of graphics hardware from AMD, Nvidia, and Intel. Contrary to some prior speculation, FSR 3 will continue to support a wide range of old and new GPUs from all three major GPU companies. AMD has confirmed to us that the following graphics hardware should all support FSR 3:</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962937#p3">Read 12 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962937&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962998
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: California deploys AI-powered wildfire detection systems
description: New system scans over 1,000 cameras for signs of smoke—with 77 hits so far.
categories: AI|Biz & IT|Science|Tech|AI detectors|California|forest fires|wild fire
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wildfiles_getty-800x450.jpg" alt="Burning trees from wildfires and smoke cover the landscape in California, U.S. Photographer: David Swanson/Bloomberg">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wildfiles_getty.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="675" data-width="1200">Enlarge</a> (credit: Getty Images)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>California's main firefighting agency, <a href="https://www.fire.ca.gov/">Cal Fire</a>, is training AI models to detect visual signs of wildfires using a network of 1,039 high-definition cameras, reports <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/us/wildfires-ai-detection-california.html">The New York Times</a> and the <a href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-08-24/can-ai-fight-wildfires-california-is-counting-on-it">Los Angeles Times</a>. When it sees signs of smoke, it quickly warns firefighters of emerging threats. During the pilot program, the system has already detected 77 wildfires before dispatch centers received 911 calls—about a 40 percent success rate, according to the NYT.</p>

<p>Traditionally, Cal Fire detects emerging wildfires by relying on the same network of over 1,000 mountaintop cameras monitored by humans, who look out for signs of smoke. But it's tedious and tiring work. Phillip SeLegue, the staff chief of intelligence for Cal Fire, told the NYT that the new AI system has not only improved response times but also identified some fires early, allowing those blazes to be tackled while still being a manageable size.</p>
<p>However, the technology is not without limitations. It can only detect fires that are visible to its network of cameras, and human intervention is still required to confirm the AI model's alerts. Engineers from <a href="https://www.digitalpath.net/">DigitalPath</a>, the California-based company responsible for creating the software, have been manually vetting each fire the AI identifies. The process has been challenging, with many false positives from fog, haze, dust kicked up from tractors, and steam from geothermal plants, according to Ethan Higgins, a chief architect of the software. “You wouldn’t believe how many things look like smoke,” Higgins told the NYT.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962998#p3">Read 4 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962998&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962932
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Parallels Desktop 19 gets Sonoma-ready, expands OpenGL and Linux support
description: It's not the most exciting annual update, but there are some welcome additions.
categories: Tech|Ars Shopping|Mac|MacOS|parallels|Parallels Desktop 19|Virtual Machines|virtualization
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Windows-PD-19-800x539.png" alt="A login screen for Windows allowing the use of Touch ID">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Windows-PD-19.png" class="enlarge-link" data-height="664" data-width="986">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> You can now use Touch ID to log in to your Windows virtual machine. (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://www.parallels.com/blogs/parallels-desktop-19/">Parallels</a>)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>It's an annual tradition to see an update to Mac virtualization software Parallels Desktop a few weeks before the next major macOS release. Like clockwork, we've come to that time again: <a href="https://fave.co/3KX7pxj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parallels Desktop 19</a> is available now, with a handful of improvements for users who want to run Windows or Linux on their Macs.</p>
<p>It's not the most radical year-over-year update we've seen, but there are some welcome optimizations and tweaks. The headlining feature is the ability to use Touch ID to sign in to your Windows virtual machine. When you next launch your Windows VM, your Windows password can be saved to your Mac's keychain with a Touch ID-specific record that is unique to your device. It's important to note that this is just for signing into the VM, though; this is not full Touch ID support for all the places Windows Hello appears throughout Microsoft's operating system.</p>
<p>There are also various tweaks to make Parallels macOS Sonoma-ready, what with Apple's annual OS update coming sometime this fall. For example, a change in Sonoma would have broken the Shared Printing feature that allows you to print from your Windows VM. Parallels' engineers re-configured the feature to get it working within the new release and made some improvements to it.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962932#p3">Read 3 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962932&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962826
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: For Nvidia, it’s AI or bust as it reports a record-breaking quarter
description: Everybody wants GPUs for AI, and that's making Nvidia very happy (and rich).
categories: AI|Biz & IT|Tech|machine learning|NVIDIA
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/robot_victor_3-800x450.jpg" alt="A lone red complete toy robot holding the NVIDIA logo lying on a pile of discarded blue toy robot parts">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/robot_victor_3.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="675" data-width="1200">Enlarge</a> (credit: Getty Images | Aurich Lawson)</p>  </figure>






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<p>On top of Wednesday's <a href="https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-announces-financial-results-for-second-quarter-fiscal-2024">news</a> that Nvidia earnings have performed far better than expected, Reuters <a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/nvidia-bets-25-bln-that-ai-boom-is-far-over-2023-08-24/">reports</a> that Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang expects the AI boom to last well into next year. As a testament to this outlook, Nvidia will buy back $25 billion of shares—which happen to be worth triple what they were just before the generative AI craze <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/12/openai-invites-everyone-to-test-new-ai-powered-chatbot-with-amusing-results/">kicked off</a>.</p>
<p>"A new computing era has begun," said Huang breathlessly in an Nvidia <a href="https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-announces-financial-results-for-second-quarter-fiscal-2024">press release</a> announcing the company's financial results, which include a quarterly revenue of $13.51 billion, up 101 percent from a year ago and 88 percent from the previous quarter. "Companies worldwide are transitioning from general-purpose to accelerated computing and generative AI."</p>

<p>For those just tuning in, Nvidia enjoys what Reuters calls a "near monopoly" on hardware that accelerates the training and deployment of neural networks that power today's <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/01/the-generative-ai-revolution-has-begun-how-did-we-get-here/">generative AI models</a>—and a <a href="https://www.trendforce.com/presscenter/news/20230530-11692.html">60–70 percent</a> AI server market share. In particular, its <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/06/nvidias-new-ai-superchip-combines-cpu-and-gpu-to-train-monster-ai-systems/">data center GPU lines</a> are exceptionally good at performing billions of the matrix multiplications necessary to run neural networks due to their parallel architecture. In this way, hardware architectures that <a href="https://ancientelectronics.wordpress.com/2014/01/09/beginners-guide-to-early-3d-computer-graphics/">originated</a> as video game graphics accelerators now power the generative AI boom.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962826#p3">Read 11 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962826&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962860
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Hell freezes over as Apple supports right-to-repair bill
description: As California legislation nears finish line, Apple suddenly switches sides.
categories: Policy|Tech|apple|repairability|right to repair|user repairability
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apple-self-service-repair-800x533.jpg" alt="Repairing an M1 MacBook">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apple-self-service-repair.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="653" data-width="980">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> Repairing an M1 MacBook. (credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/08/apple-expands-self-service-repair-to-mac-notebooks/">Apple</a>)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Somewhere, ol' Beelzebub is putting on his thickest coat because Apple has endorsed a right-to-repair bill, suggesting hell has frozen over. In a letter dated August 22, Apple showed its support for California's right-to-repair bill, <a href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB244">SB 244</a>, after spending years combatting DIY repair efforts.</p>
<p>As reported by <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2023/08/23/apple-lends-support-to-california-state-right-to-repair-bill/">TechCrunch</a>, the letter, written to California state Senator Susan Eggman, declared that Apple supports SB 244 and urged the legislature to pass it.</p>
<p>The bill requires vendors of consumer electronics and appliances to make sufficient documentation, parts, and tools for repairs available to customers and independent repair shops. The big exceptions are video game consoles and alarm systems.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962860#p3">Read 28 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962860&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962854
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Gmail will lock important settings behind a pop-up 2FA challenge
description: Changes to email forwarding or filters will soon demand you verify who you are.
categories: Tech|2fa|gmail|google|two-factor authentication
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-1-800x450.jpg" alt="Gmail's security pop-up to change a setting (left) and the more dramatic warning you'll get if someone fails a 2FA attempt.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/1-1.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1188" data-width="2112">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> Gmail's security pop-up to change a setting (left) and the more dramatic warning you'll get if someone fails a 2FA attempt. (credit: Google)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Today Gmail only asks for your user credentials during the initial login, and that login session can last for weeks at a time. That's not as secure as it could be, so soon Gmail will start posting two-factor authentication (2FA) challenges if you try to access any <a href="https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/08/stronger-protections-for-sensitive-gmail-actions.html">"sensitive" settings</a>, even when you're already logged in.</p>
<p>The newly protected settings are for filters, account forwarding, and IMAP. Soon, poking around in any of these options will boot you into a "Verify it's you" 2FA prompt, and you'll have to pass the challenge on your phone (these settings are only available on the web). If this 2FA challenge is failed or is not answered, you'll get a bright red "Critical security alert" pop-up alerting you to the attempt on all your trusted devices.</p>
<p>This security pop-up is all about trying to stop attackers that have compromised your account. If someone steals your laptop, or a malicious remote desktop app turns on, and you're already logged in to Gmail, the pop-up should at least keep the attacker away from the worst settings. Filters are a security risk since a lot of other sites notify you of purchases and sensitive changes to your account with an email, and a common first step in an attack is to hide these emails with a filter. Forwarding and IMAP both duplicate your incoming emails to other places and could allow people to quietly spy on you or steal credentials.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962854#p3">Read 1 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962854&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962856
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Dealmaster: Herman Miller chairs, Labor Day deals, Apple gear, and more
description: Laptops from Lenovo and Apple, Herman Miller chairs, and Samsung tablets.
categories: Shopping|Tech|Ars Shopping|dealmaster
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/14-and-16-inch-MacBook-Pros-800x543.jpeg" alt="Two 2021 MacBook Pro models, side by side.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/14-and-16-inch-MacBook-Pros.jpeg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="2728" data-width="4016">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> Two 2021 MacBook Pro models, side by side. (credit: Samuel Axon)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>If you're eyeing new gear for your home office, Labor Day sales can help you upgrade your tech and furnishings. From discounts on Apple MacBooks to iPads, to Samsung tablets and Google Pixel phones, and Herman Miller ergonomic office chairs to new headphones and soundbars, there's something for everyone. In addition to office tech, we've also found sales on coffeemakers, kitchen essentials, and health and fitness tech.</p>
<h2>Premium office chairs</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/IMG_1333.jpg"><img alt="The Herman Miller x Logitech Embody chair." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/IMG_1333-640x359.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/IMG_1333-1280x719.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/IMG_1333.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">The Herman Miller x Logitech Embody chair.</a> (credit: Sam Machkovech)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Tempur-Lumbar Support Office Chair for $299 (was $352) at <a href="https://fave.co/46TnVrB" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tempurpedic</a></li>
<li>Herman Miller Embody Gaming Chair for $1,356 (was $1,695) at <a href="https://fave.co/47TBVlM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Herman Miller</a></li>
<li>Herman Miller Vantum Gaming Chair for $636 (was $795) at <a href="https://fave.co/47Ktcly" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Herman Miller</a></li>
<li>Herman Miller Eames Lounge Chair and Ottoman for $5,916 (was $7,395) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QJ5AYG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Herman Miller</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Audio: Headphones, speakers, and soundbars</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Jabra-Elite-3.jpg"><img alt="Jabra's Elite 3 true wireless earphones." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Jabra-Elite-3-640x427.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Jabra-Elite-3-1280x853.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Jabra-Elite-3.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">Jabra's Elite 3 true wireless earphones.</a> (credit: Jeff Dunn)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Bose Smart Soundbar 600 with Dolby Atmos for $450 (was $500) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqvTkMQD9e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Bose TV Speaker Bluetooth Soundbar for $220 (was $280) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqvUNI4QNX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Bose Smart Soundbar 900 With Dolby Atmos for $700 (was $900) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqvVQREMzb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beats Studio Pro Wireless Noise Cancelling Over-the-Ear Headphones for $250 (was $350) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmG4W9KlD" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Go Hearing Go Lite OTC Hearing Aids for $169 (was $199) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqv4M6Cm8d" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Samsung Galaxy Buds2 for $110 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqvX5rOCAg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Samsung Galaxy Buds Live for $90 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqvYWlNfUg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Bose QuietComfort 45 for $279 (was $329) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45J0tfj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bose Noise Cancelling Headphones 700 for $299 (was $379) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3ss6xue" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Poly Voyager 4320 for $146 (was $170) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqv1HSF1A8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>JBL Tune 235NC True Wireless Noise Cancelling In-Ear Earbuds for $70 (was $100) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklr8o3FRdc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Jabra Elite 7 Pro in Ear Bluetooth Earbuds for $120 (was $200) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47y90n6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Jabra Elite 4 Active in-Ear Bluetooth Earbuds for $80 (was $120) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45szsg4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Sony WHCH720N Wireless Noise Canceling Headphones for $130 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklrKLk1v3z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Sony WF-C700N for $99 (was $120) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklrLSXQtrX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Sony LinkBuds Truly Wireless Earbud Headphones for $128 (was $180) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3Yy5g0E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Sony WH-1000XM4 for $278 (was $349) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45F7U7c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Health, personal care, and fitness</h2>
<ul>
<li>Beurer Insect Bite Healer for $23 (was $30) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqv8ob0gRc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Pulse Oximeter for $31 (was $40) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqv9hQfflN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer 18-piece Manicure/Pedicure Device for $51 (was $60) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwafvaBhN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer TENS Device Knee/Elbow for $50 (was $60) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwbCJanPx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Upper Arm Blood Pressure Monitor for $25 (was $35) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwctsVxJW" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Bluetooth Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor for $42 (was $60) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwdl4WMB6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Bluetooth Body Fat Scale for $44 (was $50) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqweLklALP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Wake Up Light for $75 (was $90) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwgA99iQ9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Abdominal Muscle EMS Belt for $46 (was $60) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwh1caMn7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer Ultra-Soft Heating Pad for $36 (was $40) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwpuSjzXs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Beurer TENS Back Belt for $55 (was $65) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckqwqBX0dpt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Google Pixel phones and tablets, Samsung Galaxy phones and tablets, Amazon Fire tablets</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pixel-7-and-Pixel-7-Pro-2.png"><img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pixel-7-and-Pixel-7-Pro-2-640x360.png" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pixel-7-and-Pixel-7-Pro-2-1280x720.png 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pixel-7-and-Pixel-7-Pro-2.png" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow"></a> (credit: Google)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Google Pixel 7 for $449 (was $599) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklGWhd2fUk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Google Pixel 7a for $444 (was $499) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklGXpsPsSp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Google Pixel 7 Pro for $699 (was $899) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklGYtp8L0d" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 with free keyboard case ($170 value) for $800 at <a href="https://howl.me/ckoqx9tJMmC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ with free keyboard case ($190 value) for $1,000 at <a href="https://howl.me/ckoqzK1jsaR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 Ultra with free keyboard case ($230 value) for $1,200 at <a href="https://howl.me/ckoqAVkUGTx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Amazon Fire HD 10 tablet for $130 (was $190) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3ssihwX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Microsoft 365 subscriptions</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ms-365.jpg"><img alt="Microsoft 365 will encompass Teams, OneDrive, and the suite of productivity apps formerly known as Office." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ms-365-640x340.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ms-365.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ms-365.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">Microsoft 365 will encompass Teams, OneDrive, and the suite of productivity apps formerly known as Office.</a> (credit: Microsoft)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Microsoft 365 Personal (1 Person) (12-Month Subscription) save $20 (MSRP $70) with Best Buy <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmUatDoZz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Plus</a> or <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmTED5G8a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Total</a> membership at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmSXTh8Uq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Microsoft 365 Family (Up to 6 People) (12-Month Subscription) save $20 (MSRP $100) with Best Buy <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmUatDoZz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Plus</a> or <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmTED5G8a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Total</a> membership at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrmVtJzGeq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>DeWalt and Greenworks tools</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dewalt-drill.jpg"><img alt="DeWalt drill kit with carrying bag." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dewalt-drill-640x437.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dewalt-drill.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dewalt-drill.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">DeWalt drill kit with carrying bag.</a> (credit: DEWALT)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Greenworks 170 mph 730 CFM Cordless Handheld Blower for $180 (was $250) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8tH6Uu2J" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 16-inch Cutting Diameter Brushless Straight Shaft Grass Trimmer for $220 (was $250) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8uL8n1np" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks Electric Pressure Washer up to 1900 PSI at 1.2 GPM for $130 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8vDc6hT4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 26-inch Cordless Brushless Hedge Trimmer for $220 (was $250) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8xJYg9f4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 18-inch 80 Volt Cordless Brushless Chainsaw for $340 (was $400) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8yFhP7gg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 10-inch Brushless Cordless Pole Saw for $263 (was $300) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8AaVkPOU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 80 Volt 2 Ah Battery for $132 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8A3pj4GU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 42-inch CrossoverZ Electric Zero Turn Riding Lawn Mower for $4,500 (was $5,500) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8B7umau1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 80 Volt Pro Rapid Battery Charger for $61 (was $100) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8DLMW0DR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 12-inch Pro 80 Volt Cordless Brushless Snow Shovel for $304 (was $350) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8EG1wilY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 110 MPH 450 CFM Cordless Handheld Blower for $140 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8FOYM6Mg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Greenworks 8-inch Cordless Pole Saw for $130 (was $150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckm8GEkkp8c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V MAX Cordless Drill and Impact Driver, Power Tool Combo Kit with 2 Batteries and Charger for $159 (was $239) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QphYNj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V Max Powerstack Gfn Compact Battery for $100 (was $139) at <a href="https://amzn.to/43UnASV" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V MAX Cordless Impact Driver Kit, Brushless, 1/4-inch Hex Chuck, 2 Batteries and Charger for $159 (was $169) at <a href="https://amzn.to/453tn9Z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V MAX Right Angle Cordless Drill/Driver Kit for $182 (was $205) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47k5pZF" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt XTREME 12V MAX* Impact Driver Kit, 1/4-Inch for $97 (was $159) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YswplS" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V MAX Cordless Impact Wrench, 1/2-inch Hog Ring for $185 (was $279) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OJK2tw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V MAX Impact Driver Kit, 1/4-Inch, Battery and Charger for $99 (was $179) at <a href="https://amzn.to/43Z89Zu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt ATOMIC 20V MAX* Cordless Drill, 1/2-Inch, Tool Only for $70 (was $119) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47o7kfD" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>DeWalt 20V Max Cordless Drill / Driver Kit, Compact, 1/2-Inch (DCD771C2) for $99 (was $179) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YAVdYO" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Apple MacBook, AirTag, iPad, Watch, and accessories</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/14-inch-MacBook-Pro-open.jpeg"><img alt="The display on the 2021 14-inch MacBook Pro." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/14-inch-MacBook-Pro-open-640x509.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/14-inch-MacBook-Pro-open-1280x1017.jpeg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/14-inch-MacBook-Pro-open.jpeg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">The display on the 2021 14-inch MacBook Pro.</a> (credit: Samuel Axon)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Apple AirTag 4 Pack for $89 (was $99) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47KG8YI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple MagSafe Battery for iPhone for $84 (was $99) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qJJdI1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple MacBook Air 13-inch M1 for $750 (was $1,000) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OPGfee" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch M2 for $1,099 (was $1,299) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklrZfz3n8F" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch M2 Max for $2,849 (was $3,099) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3Ee4Mnb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch M2 Pro for $2,249 (was $2,499) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3sbAXRy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple 10.2-Inch iPad (9th Generation) for $270 (was $330) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklr9otEK1e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Apple Pencil (2nd Generation) for $89 (was $129) at <a href="https://howl.me/cklsalH4RhT" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Best Buy</a></li>
<li>Apple Pencil (2nd Generation) for $89 (was $129) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OMlnV6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Keyboard: iPad Keyboard case for iPad Pro 11-inch (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Generation) and iPad Air (4th, 5th Generation) for $249 (was $299) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44WWuvL" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Keyboard: iPad Keyboard and case for iPad Pro 12.9‑inch (3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th Generation) for $289 (was $349) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47jDucn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Keyboard with Touch ID for $134 (was $149) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3DI7LUJ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Trackpad Black for $135 (was $149) at <a href="https://amzn.to/43YKk3V" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Trackpad White for $115 (was $129) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qj1UlD" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Magic Mouse for $69 (was $79) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OoLQ9S" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch SE (2nd Gen) [GPS 40 mm] for $219 (was $249) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KngUFY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch SE (2nd Gen) [GPS 44 mm] for $249 (was $279) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OfMbeX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch SE (2nd Gen) [GPS + Cellular 40 mm] for $269 (was $299) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qgSbfp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch SE (2nd Gen) [GPS + Cellular 44 mm] for $299 (was $329) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44F4K3f" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch Series 8 [GPS 41 mm] for $329 (was $399) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44ORLfx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch Series 8 [GPS 45 mm] for $359 (was $429) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3rX59PV" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch Series 8 [GPS + Cellular 41 mm] for $429 (was $499) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3Yf9fz6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch Series 8 [GPS + Cellular 45 mm] for $459 (was $529) at <a href="https://amzn.to/454EKy3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple Watch Series 8 [GPS + Cellular 41 mm] Smart Watch w/Silver Stainless Steel Case for $629 (was $699) at <a href="https://amzn.to/43OBgi3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation) Wireless Earbuds for $199 (was $249) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45n1uJT" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple AirPods Max Wireless Over-Ear Headphones for $477 (was $549) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QunxKs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Apple AirPods (3rd Generation) for $150 (was $169) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OMka04" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Lenovo laptops and PCs</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/thinkpadsAMD2.jpg"><img alt="The 14-inch and 13-inch models will have FHD displays with touch and non-touch options, as well as FreeSync technology." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/thinkpadsAMD2-640x427.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/thinkpadsAMD2-1280x853.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/thinkpadsAMD2.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">The 14-inch and 13-inch models will have FHD displays with touch and non-touch options, as well as FreeSync technology.</a> (credit: Valentina Palladino)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Lenovo Yoga 7 (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7735U) for $750 (was $1,150) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnSbPG3zf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5 (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7730U) for $635 (was $970) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnTbyXAxU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5i (16-inch, Intel Core i5-1335U) for $555 (was $860) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnT7ATbGp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Yoga 7i (14-inch, Intel Core i7-1355U) for $1,100 (was $1,350) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnVaBShSh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Slim 5 Gen 8 (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS and RTX 4060) for $1,220 (was $1,550) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnWoD1EVj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5 (14-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7730U) for $630 (was $960) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnXvHvVD1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 5i (16-inch, Intel Core i5-1335U) for $640 (was $930) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrnYJLPvPi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Yoga 7i (16-inch, Intel Core i7-1360P) for $1,090 (was $1,340) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn1lGvyqL" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Slim 5 Gen 8 (16-inch, AMD Lyzeen 5 7640HS and RTX 4050) for $1,020 (was $1,300) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn23HwZl4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5i (16-inch, Intel Core i7-1355U) for $770 (was $1,140) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn4Mhu5zK" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 5 (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7730U) for $610 (was $930) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn6SNb3WK" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 (15-inch, AMD Ryzen 5 7530U) for $410 (was $700) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn7P2jpfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5 (14-inch, AMD Ryzen 5 7530U) for $510 (was $740) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrn9iHtsPf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Yoga AIO 9i (32-inch, Intel Core i9-13900H) for $1,440 (was $1,880) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroaZGA3KI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5 Gen 8 (16-inch, AMD Lyzeen 7 7745HX and RTX 4060) for $1,250 (was $1,600) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrodUNBy0U" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 (15-inch, AMD Ryzen 3 7330U) for $430 (was $650) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrocNZicPm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 7i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i9-13900HX and RTX 4090) for $3,000 (was $3,600) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroe0ekgAa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i7-13700HX and RTX 4070) for $1,500 (was $1,880) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrogextloI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i7-13700HX and RTX 4060) for $1,300 (was $1,700) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrohymNxfl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Pro 5i (16-inch, Intel Core i5-13500H and RTX 3050) for $830 (was $1,500) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroiJzvzsI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Slim 5i Gen 8 (16-inch, AMD Lyzeen 5 7640HS and RTX 4050) for $1,020 (was $1,300) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrol2kURxU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3i Chromebook (14-inch, Intel Core i3-N305) for $350 (was $550) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckronf4s3yq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Slim 9i (14-inch, Intel Core i7-1280P) for $1,550 (was $2,140) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroolaGEk0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5i (14-inch, Intel Core i5-1335U) for $535 (was $850) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckropX9Gp5d" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Yoga 9i (14-inch, Intel Core i7-1360P) for $1,530 (was $1,800) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroreHGmtZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 7i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i9-13900HX and RTX 4070) for $1,950 (was $2,300) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrosGitvgi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5 Gen 8 (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 5 7645HX and RTX 4050) for $1,130 (was $1,430) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrot4RPmKd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Tower 5 (AMD Ryzen 9 7900 and RTX 4070 Ti) for $1,930 (was $2,580) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrovxTvVY7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Yoga 6 (13-inch, AMD 5 7530U) for $555 (was $860) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckrowyWzScM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo LOQ (16-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS and RTX 4050) for $880 (was $1,260) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroxylk2Im" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Slim 7 Pro X (14-inch, AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS and RTX 3050) for $1,060 (was $1,580) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroyHJAYmP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i5-13500HX and RTX 4050) for $1,100 (was $1,480) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroAifu0Gd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Pro 5i Gen 8 (16-inch, Intel Core i5-13500HX and RTX 4050) for $1,220 (was $1,530) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroBttTebX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo Legion Tower 7i Gen 8 (Intel Core i7-13700KF and RTX 4080) for $2,240 (was $2,990) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroCOjlPhr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
<li>Lenovo LOQ (15-inch, AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS and RTX 4050) for $970 (was $1,280) at <a href="https://howl.me/ckroDTKcd9i" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lenovo</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Vacuums and robot vacuums</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/j755020_11.jpg"><img alt="iRobot's Roomba j7+ robot vacuum. " src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/j755020_11-640x432.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/j755020_11-1280x864.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/j755020_11.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">iRobot's Roomba j7+ robot vacuum. </a> (credit: iRobot)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Dyson V8 Cordless Vacuum Cleaner for $369 (was $470) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47tdqvs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>iRobot Roomba s9+ (9550) Self-Emptying Robot Vacuum for $650 (was $1,000) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QuF0lJ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>iRobot Roomba Combo<img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2122.png" alt="™" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;"> j7+ Self-Emptying Robot Vacuum &amp; Mop for $799 (was $1,100) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3R0wzzd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>iRobot Braava Jet m6 (6113) Ultimate Robot Mop for $350 (was $500) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3ql60K0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>iRobot Roomba i4 EVO (4150) Wi-Fi Connected Robot Vacuum for $250 (was $347) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OJyWVo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Dyson V12 Detect Slim Cordless Vacuum Cleaner for $579 (was $650) at <a href="https://amzn.to/440RepF" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>roborock Q5 Robot Vacuum Cleaner for $300 after coupon (was $430) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YEdhkG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>roborock Q7 Max+ Robot Vacuum and Mop with Auto-Empty Dock for $520 (was $870) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45yPHIe" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>roborock Q5+ Robot Vacuum with Self-Empty Dock for $480 (was $700) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3P0YqO3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Shark AV911S EZ Robot Vacuum with Self-Empty Base for $330 (was $500) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3sdzlqq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Shark CH964AMZ 2-in-1 Cordless &amp; Handheld Vacuum Ultracyclone System for $100 (was $150) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YANny9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Shark WS632GNBRN WANDVAC System Ultra-Lightweight Stick Vacuum for $160 (was $220) at <a href="https://amzn.to/457SEjo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Shark IQ Robot Vacuum AV970 Self Cleaning Brushroll for $320 (was $400) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QJmxlT" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Dyson V12 Detect Slim Absolute for $450 (was $650) at <a href="https://fave.co/47Lb8Ij" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dyson</a></li>
<li>Dyson Outsize Plus for $500 (was $600) at <a href="https://fave.co/3snWzdz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dyson</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Kitchen, home, office, and personal care</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/home-office.jpg"><img alt="Put away your flamethrowers, Mac haters, there's a custom-built Windows PC on that desk, too." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/home-office-640x426.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/home-office.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/home-office.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">Put away your flamethrowers, Mac haters, there's a custom-built Windows PC on that desk, too.</a> </p></div>
<ul>
<li>Vitamix Professional Series 750 Blender for $569 (was $630) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E4zMpw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Vitamix Immersion Blender, Stainless Steel for $125 (was $150) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E5nXPN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Video Doorbell for $39 (was $60) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47ONXg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Mini for $25 (was $35) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3PkZkFz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Mini 2-pack for $46 (was $65) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OJvl8y" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Outdoor (3rd Gen) 2-pack for $90 (was $180) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45JyYSC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Mini Pan-Tilt Camera for $42 (was $60) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44pObas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Outdoor Camera Surveillance Mount, 3 Pack for $19 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3PaCmk4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Blink Wired Floodlight Camera for $60 (was $100) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44pzynu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Amazon eero 6+ mesh Wi-Fi system 4-pack for $285 (was $440) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3PbMRE0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Nespresso Vertuo Coffee and Espresso Maker, 1597 ml, by De'Longhi for $162 (was $219) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YJ0GNk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Nespresso Vertuo Coffee and Espresso Maker for $141 (was $209) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QPKCHr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Nespresso VertuoPlus Coffee and Espresso Machine by De'Longhi for $150 (was $199) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44fOk05" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>De'Longhi ENV155SAECA Nespresso VertuoPlus Coffee &amp; Espresso Maker with Aeroccino for $175 (was $184) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45I9fu9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Nespresso Vertuo Next Premium Coffee and Espresso Machine by Breville with Milk Frother for $215 (was $240) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45ASIYK" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 12-Inch Everyday Pan W/Lid /Hard Anodized / HA1 for $35 (was $140) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QS1bm4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad Immersion Blender for $50 (was $170) at <a href="https://fave.co/47IjCQn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 12.5-Inch Deep Skillet W/Lid / SD5 for $90 (was $270) at <a href="https://fave.co/3YNbD0c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 4-Qt. Saute Pan W/Lid / Stainless for $90 (was $200) at <a href="https://fave.co/3qJ4Esy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 3-QT Universal Pan W/Lid / D3 Stainless for $80 (was $195) at <a href="https://fave.co/3YQIXTW" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad Classic Round Waffle Maker for $80 (was $200) at <a href="https://fave.co/45EvWiG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 2-Qt. Sauce Pan W/Lid / Copper Core for $100 (was $280) at <a href="https://fave.co/3OPc0mz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 13-pc Nonstick Cookware Set / HA1 Hard Anodized  for $270 (was $800) at <a href="https://fave.co/3qJ59mq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 8-inch and 10-inch Fry Pan Set / Stainless for $100 (was $240) at <a href="https://fave.co/457ZlSu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 0.5-Qt. Butter Warmer / Stainless for $50 (was $100) at <a href="https://fave.co/3YR4exa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 7-piece Cookware Set / D3 Stainless for $330 (was $840) at <a href="https://fave.co/45wrWkb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 2-Qt. Sauce Pan with Lid / BD5 for $120 (was $235) at <a href="https://fave.co/3KU3ste" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 13-piece Cookware Set / Hard Anodized for $400 (was $900) at <a href="https://fave.co/3qOSIWc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 7-Piece Cookware Set / Copper Core for $750 (was $1,350) at <a href="https://fave.co/47zMqdK" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 7-piece Cookware Set / D3 Stainless for $330 (was $840) at <a href="https://fave.co/45wrWkb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 7-Piece Cookware Set / BD5 for $550 (was $1,125) at <a href="https://fave.co/44duQJF" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 10-pc Cookware Set / NS1 Hard Anodized for $350 (was $700) at <a href="https://fave.co/3OwY7ZO" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 10-Piece Nonstick Cookware Set / Stainless for $650 (was $1,400) at <a href="https://fave.co/3qCTt4Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 10-Piece Collective Cookware Set for $600 (was $1,000) at <a href="https://fave.co/3P2ZWiV" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 8-In. Fry Pan / Copper Core for $120 (was $185) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QLSREu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 10-In. Fry Pan / Copper Core for $160 (was $325) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QKQTV6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 3-Qt. Saute Pan W/Lid / Copper Core for $190 (was $350) at <a href="https://fave.co/3KLR4vv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 4-pc Cookware Set / Essentials Hard Anodized for $120 (was $220) at <a href="https://fave.co/3KRYZHq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>All-Clad 13-piece Cookware Set / Essentials Hard Anodized Nonstick for $330 (was $700) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QUGJRS" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home and Cook Sales</a></li>
<li>Amazon Basics Rechargeable AA NiMH Batteries, pack of 16 for $18 (was $25) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3DYZMm3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Brita Insulated Filtered Water Bottle for $14 (was $23) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E1dfdi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Braun Series 9 9370cc Rechargeable Wet &amp; Dry Men's Electric Shaver for $250 (was $300) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OZYQnV" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Braun All-in-One Style Kit Series 7 7410 for $60 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QJMOAm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Braun Electric Razor for Men, Waterproof Foil Shaver, Series 9 Pro 9477cc for $340 (was $380) at <a href="https://amzn.to/448shIM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Hyperice Venom Go Pack for $179 (was $187) at <a href="https://fave.co/45uCDUv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hyperice</a></li>
<li>Theragun PRO 4th Gen for $399 (was $599) at <a href="https://fave.co/45fRkek" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Theragun mini 2nd Gen for $179 (was $199) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QERQ17" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Theragun Prime 4th Gen for $229 (was $299) at <a href="https://fave.co/47OXuUD" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Theragun Elite 4th Gen for $329 (was $399) at <a href="https://fave.co/3seh8sP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>TheraCup for $119 (was $149) at <a href="https://fave.co/47EO3qH" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>RecoveryTherm Hot Vibration Back and Core for $199 (was $249) at <a href="https://fave.co/3KJZQdb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>RecoveryTherm Hot and Cold Vibration Knee for $319 (was $399) at <a href="https://fave.co/3P26vSw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Wave Roller for $129 (was $149) at <a href="https://fave.co/44iiFLw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Wave Duo for $89 (was $99) at <a href="https://fave.co/3YE8yPX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Therabody</a></li>
<li>Fab totes 4-Pack Clothes Storage for $29 (was $34) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E1qWZO" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>UREVO Under Desk Treadmill for $250 (was $310) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3PaFpcl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Crest 3D Whitestrips with Light Kit for $60 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YEi7OY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Contigo West Loop Stainless Steel Vacuum-Insulated Travel Mug with Spill-Proof Lid 2-pack for $33 (was $47) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OZKWlB" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Contigo Cortland Chill 2.0 Stainless Steel Vacuum-Insulated Water Bottle for $18 (was $25) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KMicKC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Contigo Jackson Chill 2.0 Vacuum-Insulated Stainless Steel Water Bottle for $15 (was $19) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44eZe6c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bio Bidet Discovery DLS Elongated Smart Ultra Low-Profile Self-Rising Bidet Toilet Seat for $539 (was $899) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47DK2Cy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bio Bidet by Bemis Slim Three Smart Bidet Toilet Seat, Round for $224 (was $249) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QJWjj1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bio Bidet Ultimate BB-600 Bidet Toilet Seat, Round for $321 (was $448) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47yc2HP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bio Bidet Bliss BB2000 Elongated White Smart Toilet Seat for $494 (was $699) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QQBNgu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bio Bidet Bliss BB2000 Round White Smart Toilet Seat for $477 (was $699) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47zmb7b" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>FelixKing Office Chair for $140 (was $190) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OHT5Kk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>ThermoPro Twin TempSpike 500FT Truly Wireless Meat Thermometer for $130 (was $200) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QHCM2A" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Hamilton Beach Electric Pasta Maker &amp; Noodle Machine for $104 (was $160) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qzdSHM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Hamilton Beach Electric Automatic Ice Cream Maker for $38 (was $50) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45d419Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>M MCIRCO 30 Pieces Glass Food Storage Containers with Upgraded Snap Locking Lids for $45 (was $50) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47yLrdN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>TEMPUR-Adapt, various sizes starting at $1,499 (was $1,699) at <a href="https://fave.co/45yNai1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tempurpedic</a></li>
<li>Acebeam Pokelit AA Ti for $68 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $80) at <a href="https://fave.co/45tMv0S" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>Acebeam Pokelit AA for $30 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $35) at <a href="https://fave.co/3KHiket" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>Acebeam E70 MINI TI High-CRI EDC Flashlight for $93 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $110) at <a href="https://fave.co/3DUW4df" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>Acebeam P15 EDC Tactical Light for $98 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $115) at <a href="https://fave.co/47zNzlp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>Acebeam E75 High-performance Flashlight for $85 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $100) at <a href="https://fave.co/47t48zB" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>Acebeam DEFENDER P17 GREEN for $102 with "arstech15" coupon code (was $120) at <a href="https://fave.co/4553Z3R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Acebeam</a></li>
<li>TEMPUR-Adapt Topper mattress topper, various sizes starting at $191 (was $319) at <a href="https://fave.co/3QDF8ja" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tempurpedic</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Star Wars merchandise</h2>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lego-X-Wing-Starfighter-Star-Wars.jpg"><img alt="Star Wars X-Wing Starfighter set from Lego." src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lego-X-Wing-Starfighter-Star-Wars-640x360.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lego-X-Wing-Starfighter-Star-Wars.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lego-X-Wing-Starfighter-Star-Wars.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">Star Wars X-Wing Starfighter set from Lego.</a> (credit: LEGO)</p></div>
<ul>
<li>Lego Star Wars The Mandalorian Helmet 75328 for $56 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KQXIAz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Captain Rex Helmet Set 75349 for $56 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qJgjYA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Darth Vader Helmet 75304 for $69 (was $80) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OK6P7o" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Luke Skywalker Red 5 Helmet for $54 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45kDzef" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Tamagotchi nano x Star Wars - R2-D2, Classic for $15 (was $20) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3P5FOwl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars: Inquisitor: Rise of the Red Blade hardcover for $21 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45jnYMc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>IITaozi Transparent Creative Whiskey Decanter Set Stormtrooper Bottle with 2 Glasses for $46 (was $60) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45AYz08" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Luke Skywalker Lightsaber Floor Lamp for $150 (was $168) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44qfyRH" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lightsaber Chopsticks Light Up - LED Glowing Light Saber Star Wars Chop Sticks for $10 after coupon (was $11) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3ODvmuI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Manco 3 Pattern 16 Colors 3D Star Wars Night Light for $20 (was $25) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qDToOh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bitty Boomers Star Wars: The Mandalorian - Grogu in Pram - Mini Bluetooth Speaker for $8 (was $20) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3P6jaUJ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Mattel Star Wars Grogu Plush 8-Inch Character Figure from Star Wars the Mandalorian for $6 (was $15) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44AgIKR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Advent Calendar: Star Wars for $42 (was $60) at <a href="https://amzn.to/44ihFqY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars: Where's the Wookiee? Deluxe: Search for Chewie in 30 Scenes! hardcover for $10 (was $12) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3slKvcF" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Hasbro L0-LA59 (Lola) Animatronic Edition, Obi-Wan Kenobi Series-Inspired Electronic Droid Toy for $40 (was $90) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3srXkSx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Mandalorian Helmet Neon Sign, Star Wars Mask Neon Light for $43 (was $50) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E30bnP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars The Mandalorian Darksaber 24-Inch LED Desk Light Lamp for $60 (was $72) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47FEdER" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Mattel Star Wars Plush 8-Inch Figure 3-Pack, Return of the Jedi Endor Celebration Set for $17 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3P4icbB" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Science Fiction Film Themed Clock Vinyl Record Silent 12-Inch LED Wall Clock for $34 (was $41) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3Ea6O7P" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Boba Fett's Starship Microfighter 75344 for $9 (was $10) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3qFAg2e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Character Encyclopedia, Updated and Expanded Edition hardcover for $12 (was $20) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3Z0E8rD" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>NINOSTAR StarWar Squishy Balls Set - Super Soft Version for $12 (was $15) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3QQcfAj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Star Wars: Return of The Jedi 40th Anniversary, Wicket for $10 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OOfBkM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Star Wars: Star Wars New Classics - Darth Vader for $10 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3PgV2Pv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Music Box for $12 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OK9yxE" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego BrickHeadz Star Wars The Mandalorian &amp; The Child 75317 for $16 (was $20) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E7I1RS" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Toys Mission Fleet 2.5-Inch-Scale Action Figure 10-Pack for $43 (was $48) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E8I3ce" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Imperial TIE Fighter 75300 for $36 (was $45) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3shtjVv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Star Wars: Book of Boba Fett - Boba Fett Vinyl Bobblehead for $12 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3shtyQp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Bioworld Star Wars Multi Character AOP 17-inch Laptop Backpack for $28 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45jv1Va" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Star Wars: Pride 2023 - R2-D2 for $10 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KSPOXj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars: The Thrawn Trilogy - Legends paperwork for $40 (was $51) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3sjRp2a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>The Star Wars Archives. 1977–1983. 40th Ed. hardcover for $25 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KSPyrn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Funko Pop! Something Wild! Star Wars Classic - Boba Fett Card Game for $6 (was $9) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OFpsJw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Obi-Wan Kenobi's Jedi Starfighter 75333 for $24 (was $30) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45jzBT8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Star Wars The Vintage Collection Endor Bunker, Return of The Jedi 3.75-Inch Collectible Playset for $48 (was $60) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3YKKDys" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Funko Pop! Star Wars: Across The Galaxy - Moroff Vinyl Bobblehead for $5 (was $13) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OP72Ge" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars The Black Series Wicket, Return of The Jedi 40th Anniversary 6-Inch Collectible Action Figures for $22 (was $25) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3sewo8Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Death Star Trench Run Diorama 75329 for $57 (was $70) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45oIVFt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Luxxis Metal Star Wars Bookend - The Force Yoda Book Holder for $25 (was $40) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3E37coF" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Royal Selangor Hand Finished Star Wars Collection Pewter Boba Fett Figurine for $99 (was $165) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45CULeP" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars: Galactic Baking: The Official Cookbook of Sweet and Savory Treats from Tatooine, Hoth, and Beyond hardcover for $13 (was $23) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45Ilozb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Star Wars Retro Collection Biker Scout for $10 (was $12) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3OMnC9L" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars Dark Trooper Attack Set, Mandalorian Building Toy 75324 for $27 (was $35) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3sexvW4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
<li>Lego Star Wars At-ST 75332 for $23 (was $35) at <a href="https://amzn.to/45yG3Gl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Lego Star Wars Obi-Wan Kenobi vs. Darth Vader 75334 for $35 (was $50) at <a href="https://amzn.to/3KM4Azi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
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<li>Star Wars: A Jedi You Will Be hardcover for $10 (was $18) at <a href="https://amzn.to/47KpNTO" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon</a></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Ars Technica may earn compensation for sales from links on this post through <a href="https://arstechnica.com/affiliate-link-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-uri="4c776bd3d2b303f3138d656b48f6862b">affiliate programs</a>.</em></p>

</div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962856">Read on Ars Technica</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962856&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

comments_url:
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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962565
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: You can now train ChatGPT on your own documents via API
description: Developers can now bring their own data to customize GPT-3.5 Turbo outputs.
categories:
AI|Biz & IT|Tech|API|ChatGPT|chatgtp|fine tuning|GPT-3|GPT-3.5|gpt-3.5-turbo|GPT-4|large language models|machine learning|openai|text synthesis

content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/robot_training-800x450.jpg" alt="A CGI rendering of a robot on a desktop treadmill.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/robot_training.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="675" data-width="1200">Enlarge</a> (credit: Getty Images)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>On Tuesday, OpenAI <a href="https://openai.com/blog/gpt-3-5-turbo-fine-tuning-and-api-updates">announced</a> fine-tuning for GPT-3.5 Turbo—the AI model that powers the free version of <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/12/openai-invites-everyone-to-test-new-ai-powered-chatbot-with-amusing-results/">ChatGPT</a>—through its API. It allows training the model with custom data, such as company documents or project documentation. OpenAI claims that a fine-tuned model can perform as well as GPT-4 with lower cost in certain scenarios.</p>

<p>In AI, fine-tuning refers to the process of taking a pretrained neural network (like GPT-3.5 Turbo) and further training it on a different dataset (like your custom data), which is typically smaller and possibly related to a specific task. This process builds off of knowledge the model gained during its initial training phase and refines it for a specific application.</p>
<p>So basically, fine-tuning teaches GPT-3.5 Turbo about custom content, such as project documentation or any other written reference. That can come in handy if you want to build an AI assistant based on GPT-3.5 that is intimately familiar with your product or service but lacks knowledge of it in its training data (which, as a reminder, was scraped off the web before September 2021).</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962565#p3">Read 10 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962565&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962511
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: “Project Moohan” is Google and Samsung’s inevitable Apple Vision Pro clone
description: After a decade in the market with nothing to show for it, here's the latest plan.
categories: Google|Tech|android vr|augmented reality|google|virtual reality
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IMG_4028-800x600.jpeg" alt="An AR headset sits on a stand in a public viewing area.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IMG_4028-scaled.jpeg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1921" data-width="2560">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> This is Apple’s Vision Pro headset. It looks a bit like a particularly bulky pair of ski goggles, with the materials and design language of Apple’s AirPods Max headphones. (credit: Samuel Axon)</p>  </figure>






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<p>Poor Google. The company is about to get lapped in the AR/VR space by <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/06/hands-on-with-apple-vision-pro-this-is-not-a-vr-headset/">Apple's Vision Pro</a> headset, despite dabbling in the AR/VR/XR space for over <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/google-unveils-project-glass-augmented-reality-glasses/">a decade now</a>. A new report from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-ar-augmented-reality-apple-project-iris-fail-2023-8">Business Insider</a> details how Google has fallen so far behind, telling the familiar modern-Google story of a rudderless company with constantly changing priorities and absentee leadership. The report describes employees who were "frustrated" at Google's lack of progress when the Vision Pro was unveiled and provides a glimpse of what Google's current (again, constantly changing) plans for an AR product are.</p>
<p>Google's wheel-spinning in AR and VR is up there with <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/08/a-decade-and-a-half-of-instability-the-history-of-google-messaging-apps/">instant messaging</a> and <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/05/googles-past-failures-were-on-full-display-at-i-o-2022/3/">payment platforms</a> as some of the worst-run projects at the company. Hardware projects <a href="https://www.androidpolice.com/2013/06/17/google-glass-explorer-edition-review-a-beta-product-from-the-future/">Google Glass</a>, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/low-end-vr-playing-with-googles-new-cardboard-headset/">Cardboard</a>, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/11/google-daydream-review-the-fast-casual-restaurant-of-the-vr-world/">Daydream</a>, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/12/google-tango-review-promising-google-tech-debuts-on-crappy-lenovo-hardware/">Tango</a>, and <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/01/first-details-leak-on-project-iris-googles-next-ar-headset/">Iris</a> have all come and gone. Software projects like <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/05/google-arcore-1-2-enables-shared-ar-experiences-across-android-and-ios/">ARCore</a>, a <a href="https://9to5google.com/2021/02/15/google-daydream-play-store/">VR UI for Android</a>, the painting app <a href="https://opensource.googleblog.com/2021/01/the-future-of-tilt-brush.html">Tilt Brush</a>, and several AR <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/09/google-maps-gets-augmented-reality-search-results/">Google Maps features</a> are all dead or haven't gotten much traction. Acquisitions of companies <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/07/google-hardware-buys-smart-glasses-maker-north/">North</a> and <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/google-buys-micro-led-startup-raxium-wants-to-make-ar-displays/">Raxium</a> haven't produced any results. Google's <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/01/google-cuts-12000-jobs-the-largest-layoff-in-the-companys-history/">12,000 layoffs</a> this year have cut into some of these projects, and AR leadership has been rocky, too, with Google Head of AR/VR <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/8/23591447/google-clay-bavor-head-of-vr-ar-labs-ai-company-bret-taylor">Clay Bavor</a> leaving Google in February. A few months later, Google AR OS Senior Director of Engineering Mark Lucovsky <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/07/googles-head-of-ar-software-quits-citing-unstable-commitment-and-vision/">quit the company</a> due to "the recent changes in AR leadership and Google’s unstable commitment and vision," and apparently this was part of a larger talent exodus.</p>
<p>The BI report details how Google's latest <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/06/google-reportedly-gives-up-on-making-ar-glasses-for-the-third-time/">dead project</a>, Iris, "was beset by a constantly shifting strategy and lack of focus from senior leadership." After "conversations with seven current and former employees close to Google's AR efforts," Business Insider quotes a few of those anonymous employees, with one saying, "Every six months there was a major pivot in the program." At one point, Google was working on a pair of custom silicon chips for the glasses' display and compute power and then gave up on the idea of custom chips. That work was apparently near completion, with one person saying, "I think it's weird when you convince yourselves you need to build custom silicon, and then you go and do that—and then flush it down the toilet."</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962511#p3">Read 5 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962511&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962570
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: Report: Microsoft is “experimenting” with working AI into bedrock Windows apps
description: Though thankfully, most features aren't in the "just add ChatGPT to it" genre.
categories: AI|Tech|Bing Chat|ChatGPT|chatgtp|microsoft|ms paint|NPU|windows 11
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/win11-dark-wallpaper-800x500.jpeg" alt="Report: Microsoft is “experimenting” with working AI into bedrock Windows apps">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/win11-dark-wallpaper.jpeg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="800" data-width="1280">Enlarge</a> (credit: Microsoft)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>Microsoft’s efforts to put new AI-powered features into Windows 11 will pick up steam this fall when <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/06/windows-11s-copilot-brings-ai-chat-to-desktops-in-first-public-preview/">Windows Copilot</a> is officially released, but the company isn’t stopping there. According to <a href="https://www.windowscentral.com/software-apps/windows-11/microsoft-may-bring-ai-capabilities-to-apps-like-paint-and-photos-on-windows-11">a report from Windows Central</a>, Microsoft is in the early stages of experimenting with new features for built-in Windows apps like Photos, Snipping Tool, and even Paint, which all fall under the broad heading of “AI.”</p>
<p>The report claims that Photos, Camera, and Snipping Tool—all apps that work with either photos or screenshots—could soon include optical character recognition (OCR) features that would allow users to copy and paste text from images into word processors and text editors. The Photos app could also gain the ability to recognize people and objects in photos and make it easier to separate them from their backgrounds.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/06/ms-paint-gets-its-long-promised-dark-mode-along-with-other-improvements/">venerable MS Paint app</a>, on the other hand, could gain some generative AI functions that would allow it to create images based on text prompts, similar to features currently supported by <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/05/adobe-photoshops-new-generative-fill-ai-tool-lets-you-manipulate-photos-with-text/">more high-end image editors like Adobe Photoshop</a>. Microsoft’s <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/bing-chat-can-now-generate-ai-images-using-an-advanced-version-of-dall-e/">Bing Image Creator</a> already uses a DALL-E-based model to create AI-generated images.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962570#p3">Read 3 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962570&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962519
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: IBM’s generative AI tool aims to refactor ancient COBOL code for its mainframes
description: Humans are still "in the driver's seat," but it could make code more modular.
categories: Biz & IT|Tech|AI|cobol|generative ai|ibm|IBM Watson|Java|mainframe|mainframes
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cobol_73-800x600.jpg" alt="COBOL 73 running on an IRS computer in an emulator">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cobol_73-scaled.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1920" data-width="2560">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> COBOL 73, as seen (inside Windows) in the IRS's Austin, Texas, offices in 2022. (credit: Washington Post / Getty Images)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>There are <a href="https://www.microfocus.com/en-us/press-room/press-releases/2022/cobol-market-shown-to-be-three-times-larger-than-previously-estimated-in-new-independent-survey">hundreds of billions of lines of COBOL code</a> running on production systems worldwide. That's not ideal for a language over 60 years old and whose primary architects are mostly retired or dead.</p>
<p>IBM, eager to keep those legacy functions on <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/the-ibm-mainframe-how-it-runs-and-why-it-survives/">its Z mainframe systems</a>, wants that code rewritten in Java. It tried <a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/04/ibm-scrambles-to-find-or-train-more-cobol-programmers-to-help-states/">getting humans to do it</a> a few years back, but now it has another idea. Yes, you guessed it: It's putting AI on the job.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.ibm.com/products/watsonx-code-assistant">IBM watsonx Code Assistant</a>, slated to be available in Q4 this year, intends to keep humans in the mix, but with a push from generative AI in analyzing, refactoring, and testing the new object-oriented code. It's not an all-or-nothing process, either, as IBM claims that watsonx-generated code should be interoperable with COBOL and certain Z mainframe functions.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962519#p3">Read 5 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962519&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1957715
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5hcnN0ZWNobmljYS5jb20vYXJzdGVjaG5pY2EvZ2FkZ2V0cw==
read: False
type: Rss
title: How ChatGPT turned generative AI into an “anything tool”
description: Until recently, AI models were specialized tools. Modern LLMs are different.
categories: AI|Features|Tech|Artificial Intelligence|ChatGPT|genai|generative ai|large langauge models|LLMs
comments_url: https://arstechnica.com/ai/2023/08/how-chatgpt-turned-generative-ai-into-an-anything-tool/feed/
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/chatgpt-anything-tool-800x450.jpg" alt="How ChatGPT turned generative AI into an “anything tool”">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/chatgpt-anything-tool.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="1080" data-width="1920">Enlarge</a> (credit: Aurich Lawson | Getty Images)</p>  </figure>






<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<p>The chief technology officer of a robotics startup told me earlier this year, “We thought we’d have to do a lot of work to build ‘ChatGPT for robotics.’ Instead, it turns out that, in a lot of cases, ChatGPT <em>is</em> ChatGPT for robotics.”</p>
<p>Until recently, AI models were specialized tools. Using AI in a particular area, like robotics, meant spending time and money creating AI models specifically and only for that area. For example, Google’s AlphaFold, an AI model for predicting protein folding, was trained using protein structure data and is only useful for working with protein structures.</p>
<p>So this founder thought that to benefit from generative AI, the robotics company would need to create its own specialized generative AI models for robotics. Instead, the team discovered that for many cases, they could use off-the-shelf ChatGPT for controlling their robots without the AI having ever been specifically trained for it.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1957715#p3">Read 73 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1957715&comments=1">Comments</a></p>


link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962282
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read: False
type: Rss
title: Atari launches replica 2600 console to go with all its replica 2600 cartridges
description: Software emulation keeps costs down, but may turn off retro-gaming enthusiasts.
categories: Gaming|Tech|Atari|Atari 2600|atari vcs|emulation|emulator|retro console|retro gaming
content:
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          <div class="gallery-image"><img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2600-1-980x658.jpg" alt=""></div>
          <p>
            The Atari 2600+ and joystick.                          [credit:
                              Atari                            ]
                      </p>
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      </li>
      </ul>

<p>If you read about Atari issuing <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/06/a-company-called-atari-is-releasing-a-brand-new-2600-cartridge-this-year/">a new cartridge of a new Atari 2600 game</a> and your first thought was, "What am I supposed to play this on?" there's an answer for you. Today, the company announced <a href="https://atari.com/products/atari-2600-plus">the Atari 2600+</a>, a $130 retro console with a cartridge slot that can accept vintage and modern Atari 2600 and 7800 cartridges, plus a $25 <a href="https://atari.com/products/cx40-joystick">CX40+ joystick</a> and <a href="https://atari.com/products/cx30-paddle-controller-bundle">$40 CX30+ paddle controller bundle</a> that appear to, more or less, faithfully re-create the originals.</p>
<p>All items are currently available for preorder and will ship in November 2023. The console includes a 10-in-1 game cartridge with <em>Adventure</em>, <em>Combat</em>, <em>Missile Command</em>, <em>Haunted House</em>, <em>Yars' Revenge</em>, and a few other 2600 games.</p>
<p>The Atari 2600+ takes its design cues from the early-1980s revision of the original console, with fake wood grain on the front and four control switches. But Atari says the console is only 80 percent as large as the original console, "making it easier to fit into modern living spaces." The console also has an HDMI output and uses USB-C for power.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962282#p3">Read 5 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962282&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962331
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read: False
type: Rss
title: Netflix plans to give away DVDs as service shuts down
description: Netflix offers amnesty for unreturned DVDs—and a chance to get 10 more free.
categories: Culture|Tech|Netflix
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
  <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_platter_2-800x450.jpg" alt="A white-gloved waiter serving up a DVD on a silver platter.">
      <p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_platter_2.jpg" class="enlarge-link" data-height="675" data-width="1200">Enlarge</a> (credit: Getty Images)</p>  </figure>






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<p>In the land before streaming, there was a time when getting a Netflix DVD in the mail felt magical. Those times have largely passed, and soon the service behind it will end, as we <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/04/so-long-red-envelopes-dvds-in-the-mail-version-of-netflix-ends-in-september/">covered in April</a>. But on Monday, Netflix announced that customers can keep any remaining DVDs they have after September 29 once the service shuts down. Additionally, subscribers can potentially get up to 10 discs for free as the service clears out its inventory.</p>

<p>These days, Netflix handles its DVD rental service through a subsidiary called <a href="https://dvd.netflix.com/">DVD.com</a>. The DVD amnesty announcement came <a href="https://twitter.com/dvdnetflix/status/1693794419659653517">via DVD.com's X account</a> on Monday, relayed to us by <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/22/23841540/netflix-dvd-com-subscribers-keep-unreturned-discs">The Verge</a>.</p>
<div class="image shortcode-img center large"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_screenshot_twitter.jpg"><img alt='An "X" social network screenshot of the free Netflix DVD announcement from Monday, August 21, 2023.' src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_screenshot_twitter-640x708.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_screenshot_twitter.jpg 2x"></a><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/netflix_dvd_screenshot_twitter.jpg" class="caption-link" rel="nofollow">An "X" social network screenshot of the free Netflix DVD announcement from Monday, August 21, 2023.</a> (credit: Ars Technica)</p></div>
<p>In 1997, Netflix launched as a pay-per-rental service, but it transitioned to the now-famous subscription queue system in 1999, where customers make a list of DVDs they'd like to receive, and they would get shipped out in order as they became available. As we noted in April, this business model partially led to the collapse of video rental chains. While once popular, the world largely moved on to streaming video services, and in April of this year, Netflix announced that it would discontinue its DVD rental service permanently.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962331#p3">Read 3 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962331&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962207
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read: False
type: Rss
title: Nvidia announces a community-made RTX remaster of Half-Life 2
description: PBR materials, full ray-tracing, and DLSS are coming to <em>Half-Life 2</em>.
categories: Gaming|Tech
content:
<div id="rss-wrap">





<div><a name="page-1"></a></div>
<div class="video"><div class="wrapper" style="display:block" type="text/html" width="980" height="550" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aM_gzfAMdNs?start=0&amp;wmode=transparent" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></div><p class="caption" style="font-size:0.8em">A teaser for <em>Half-Life 2</em>'s RTX conversion. </p></div>
<p>First it came to <em>Portal</em>, now it's coming to the Source engine's other big classic: <a href="https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/half-life-2-rtx-remix-in-development/#referrer=youtube"><em>Half-Life 2</em> is getting a ray-tracing remaster</a> thanks to the efforts of a community modding superteam with support from Nvidia.</p>
<p>Awkwardly titled <em>Half-Life 2 RTX: An RTX Remix Project</em>, the remaster is currently in development with no set release date. Nvidia announced it today as part of its pre-Gamescom presentations. The remaster will use RTX Remix, which is Nvidia's toolkit for bringing ray-tracing to classic PC games. RTX Remix was previously announced using <em>The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind</em> as an example; it seeks to give community modders and hobbyists the ability to do ray-tracing conversions for old games, but it's still only available to a few people.</p>
<p>The people, in this case, are a group of modders from multiple community projects who have banded together under the name Orbifold Studios. The team includes modders who worked on VR <em>Half-Life 2</em> project <em>Project 17</em>, asset remastering project <em>Half-Life 2 Remade Assets</em>, total conversation mod <em>Raising the Bar: Redux,</em> and another VR mod simply called <em>Half-Life 2 VR</em>, among others.</p></div><p><a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962207#p3">Read 4 remaining paragraphs</a> | <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1962207&comments=1">Comments</a></p>

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link: https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/nieuws/hoe-op-rijk-samenwerkt-met-studenten/
encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL3d3dy5kaWdpdGFsZW92ZXJoZWlkLm5sL2ZlZWQv
read: False
type: Rss
title: Hoe O&P Rijk samenwerkt met studenten
categories: Nieuws|i-partnerschap|iLab|innovatielab|O&P Rijk|samenwerken|studenten|webapplicatie
description:
<p>Door samen te werken, kunnen studenten van Hogeschool Leiden direct werkervaring opdoen én de overheid kan (alvast) gebruikmaken van hun kennis en vaardigheden.</p>
<p>Het bericht <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/nieuws/hoe-op-rijk-samenwerkt-met-studenten/">Hoe O&amp;P Rijk samenwerkt met studenten</a> verscheen eerst op <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl">Digitale Overheid</a>.</p>

content:
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-60452" src="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600.png" alt="" width="1000" height="600" srcset="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600.png 1000w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-300x180.png 300w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-768x461.png 768w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-667x400.png 667w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-400x240.png 400w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-88x53.png 88w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/02/4_projectstarten_1000x600-900x540.png 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p>
<p><span class="intro">Het O&amp;P Rijk (Organisatie en Personeel Rijk) heeft samengewerkt met Software Engineering studenten van Hogeschool Leiden om creatieve oplossingen te vinden voor complexe problemen.</span></p>
<p>In het Innovatielab (iLab) hebben de studenten gewerkt aan een webapplicatie voor de Design Thinking Toolkit van O&amp;P Rijk. Zij hebben hiervoor verschillende voorstellen gedaan en een prototype gemaakt. De collega’s van O&amp;P Rijk en de studenten vertellen in <a href="https://www.rijksorganisatieodi.nl/i-partnerschap/praktijkvoorbeelden/hoe-op-rijk-samenwerkt-met-onderwijs">deze vlogserie</a> meer over de samenwerking, de opdracht, het proces en het eindresultaat.</p>
<h2>I-Partnerschap</h2>
<p>I-Partnerschap verbindt overheids- en onderwijspartijen met elkaar, bijvoorbeeld door stages en fieldlabs. Op deze manier kunnen studenten werken aan echte vragen met echte opdrachtgevers, waardoor zij direct werkervaring opdoen. En de overheid kan (alvast) gebruikmaken van hun kennis en vaardigheden.</p>
<p>Wil jij binnen jouw overheidsorganisatie ook werken met jonge i-talenten? Kijk op de <a href="https://www.rijksorganisatieodi.nl/i-partnerschap">website van Rijksorganisatie ODI</a> (Ontwikkeling, Digitalisering en Innovatie) voor meer informatie.</p>
<p>Het bericht <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/nieuws/hoe-op-rijk-samenwerkt-met-studenten/">Hoe O&amp;P Rijk samenwerkt met studenten</a> verscheen eerst op <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl">Digitale Overheid</a>.</p>


encoded_syndication_url: aHR0cDovL3d3dy5kaWdpdGFsZW92ZXJoZWlkLm5sL2ZlZWQv
read: False
type: Rss
title: “Open source werken vraagt om vertrouwen en lef”
categories: Achtergrond|nieuwsbrief-15-2023|open source|ospo|software ontwikkelen
link:
https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/achtergrondartikelen/open-source-werken-vraagt-om-vertrouwen-en-lef/

description:
<p>Boris van Hoytema is Kwartiermaker OSPO (Open Source Program Office) bij BZK. Wat motiveert hem en welke drempels wil hij wegnemen om open source in de praktijk te brengen?</p>
<p>Het bericht <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/achtergrondartikelen/open-source-werken-vraagt-om-vertrouwen-en-lef/">&#8220;Open source werken vraagt om vertrouwen en lef&#8221;</a> verscheen eerst op <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl">Digitale Overheid</a>.</p>

content:
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-62866" src="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema.png" alt="" width="900" height="600" srcset="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema.png 900w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-300x200.png 300w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-768x512.png 768w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-600x400.png 600w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-375x250.png 375w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-400x267.png 400w, https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-88x59.png 88w" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></p>
<p><span class="Standard intro">Boris van Hoytema is op 1 augustus gestart als Kwartiermaker OSPO (Open Source Program Office) bij het ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties (BZK). Wat motiveert hem en welke drempels wil hij wegnemen om open source in de praktijk te brengen?</span></p>
<p>Autonomie, samenwerken, publieke waarden creëren en risico’s verminderen, dat zijn volgens Boris de krachten van open source. Hij ziet het niet als iets technisch, maar als een middel om de autonomie en het vertrouwen in de overheid te versterken.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Volgens TNO zit in 97% van de software open source. Waar overheden nog moeite mee hebben is om hier verantwoord mee om te gaan en op deze manier te werken. Vanuit zijn rol als Kwartiermaker OSPO wil Boris interne drempels wegnemen en BZK helpen om open source toe te passen in de praktijk.</p>
<h2>Terugkrijgen van autonomie en soevereiniteit</h2>
<p>Van Hoytema: &#8220;Ik vind het belangrijk dat de publieke taak en de uitvoering daarvan centraal staat in de digitale transformatie van de overheid. Gesloten software, afhankelijk zijn van grote softwarebedrijven en het verliezen van je eigen autonomie en soevereiniteit is niet meer van deze tijd. De stap die we als overheid moeten zetten is de stap naar openheid, transparantie en samenwerking. Daarbij is het een utopie om te denken dat wij als overheid zelf al onze software moeten bouwen. Dat kan niet. Dat is gewoon te veel werk en daar komt bij dat we binnen Europa niet voldoende ontwikkelaars beschikbaar hebben om dit voor alle overheden te kunnen doen. De publieke sector kan wel samen met bedrijven software ontwikkelen wat ervoor zorgt dat overheden hun eigen soevereiniteit en autonomie terugkrijgen in de uitvoering van de publieke taak. Samen met andere overheden, bedrijven en inwoners kunnen we software ontwikkelen en een systeem bouwen waarbij we zelf in control zijn.&#8221;</p>
<h2>Bewust kiezen voor open source</h2>
<p>Hoe? Van Hoytema legt uit: &#8220;Door bewust te kiezen voor open source. Open source is een bewezen samenwerkingsmanier waarbij je in een korte tijd groot kunt opschalen. Daar komt bij dat als je voor open source kiest, je met publieke middelen ook publieke waarden &#8211; zoals transparantie, herbruikbaarheid en samenwerking &#8211; creëert. Daarnaast ben ik ervan overtuigd dat open source ook bijdraagt aan het verminderen van risico’s binnen de overheid. Doordat je samenwerkt met anderen en vanaf de start laat zien wat je doet, ben je eerder in staat om risico’s te herkennen, op te sporen en op te lossen. Je ontdekt sneller als iets niet werkt, omdat mensen buiten je eigen organisatie andere dingen constateren dan jijzelf. En daarmee is de cirkel bijna rond. Transparantie zorgt namelijk voor een betere dienstverlening vanuit de overheid. Bedrijven kunnen software ontwikkelen die beter aansluit op de bedrijfsprocessen van overheden en ook inwoners kunnen verbetervoorstellen indienen.&#8221;</p>
<h2>Ingewikkeld voor overheden</h2>
<p>Ondanks deze kansen is open source nog niet de standaard binnen de overheid. Dit komt omdat deze manier van werken ook de nodige uitdagingen kent. Van Hoytema: &#8220;Open source is een andere manier van werken voor overheden. Dit komt doordat open source van overheden (vanuit de rol van opdrachtgever) vereist dat je een duidelijke opdracht moet kunnen geven. Als je iets in open source laat ontwikkelen, dan is het jouw verantwoordelijkheid om het eigenaarschap van de opdracht goed te vervullen. Dit betekent dat je bewust moet zijn van wat je gaat bouwen. Ook moet je nadenken over functionaliteiten; hoe moet jouw product gaan werken en hoe gaat het met andere softwaresystemen samenwerken? Als opdrachtgever ben je zelf verantwoordelijk voor de juiste resources. Vaak ontbreekt het binnen overheden aan de juiste kennis om de rol van opdrachtgever goed te vervullen.</p>
<p>Een ander punt wat open source zo uitdagend maakt, is de manier van samenwerken. Je ontwikkelt en onderhoudt de software met een zo’n groot mogelijke groep. Het idee daarvan is dat je het eigenaarschap en afhankelijkheden kunt verdelen en samen oplossingen kunt bedenken. Doordat je vanaf de start van het project in de openheid ontwikkelt, betekent dit ook dat je transparant fouten moet kunnen maken en dat je van deze fouten moet kunnen leren. Dat staat haaks op de huidige cultuur van de overheid. Open source werken vraagt om vertrouwen, lef en elkaar de ruimte geven. Daar zit volgens mij de grootste uitdaging.&#8221;</p>
<aside class="pullquote-with-image align-none">
<blockquote>
<div class="pullquote-img" style="background-image: url('https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2023/08/Kwartiermaker-OSPO-Boris-van-Hoytema-400x400.png');"></div>
<div class="quote">&#8220;Open source werken vraagt om vertrouwen, lef en elkaar de ruimte geven.&#8221;<cite>Boris van Hoytema</cite></div>
</blockquote>
</aside>
<h2>Werk aan de winkel</h2>
<p>Met deze uitdagingen gaat Boris vanuit zijn rol als OSPO voor BZK aan de slag. Van Hoytema: &#8220;Ik ben mijn eerste week begonnen met een mailbox vol vragen. Sommige zijn eenvoudig te beantwoorden, andere zijn een stuk complexer. Mijn focus ligt vooral op het ministerie, de uitvoeringsorganisaties en agentschappen van BZK.</p>
<p>Als OSPO wil ik vooral het aanspreekpunt zijn voor collega’s die vragen hebben over open source of die met open source aan de slag willen. Ik ben heel benieuwd naar de afwegingen die collega’s maken. Waar lopen ze tegenaan? Welke interne barrières komen ze tegen? Ik zie het als mijn taak om op verschillende niveaus het gesprek te voeren en interne barrières weg te nemen. Dat zal niet altijd eenvoudig zijn, maar ik ga die uitdaging graag aan!&#8221;</p>
<h2>Meer informatie</h2>
<p>Boris van Hoytema is werkzaam bij de Directie CIO en Informatiemanagement van het ministerie van BZK en is te bereiken via het e-mailadres: opensource@minbzk.nl. Ook is hij actief op de <a href="https://opensource.pleio.nl/">opensource.pleio.nl</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>Heb je een vraagstuk of casus waar je de expertise van Boris of één van de leden uit het OSPO Kennisnetwerk voor wilt gebruiken? Post je vraag in een van de <a href="https://opensource.pleio.nl/groups">communitygroepen op Pleio</a>.</p>
<p>Het bericht <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl/achtergrondartikelen/open-source-werken-vraagt-om-vertrouwen-en-lef/">&#8220;Open source werken vraagt om vertrouwen en lef&#8221;</a> verscheen eerst op <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.digitaleoverheid.nl">Digitale Overheid</a>.</p>


